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The Role of Oxidative Stress and Therapeutic Potential of Antioxidants in Graves' Ophthalmopathy
| Content Provider | MDPI |
|---|---|
| Author | Hou, Tzu-Yu Wu, Shi-Bei Kau, Hui-Chuan Tsai, Chieh-Chih |
| Copyright Year | 2021 |
| Description | Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) is the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves’ disease. It is characterized initially by an inflammatory process, followed by tissue remodeling and fibrosis, leading to proptosis, exposure keratopathy, ocular motility limitation, and compressive optic neuropathy. The pathogenic mechanism is complex and multifactorial. Accumulating evidence suggests the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of GO. Cigarette smoking, a major risk factor for GO, has been shown to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and oxidative damage in GO orbital fibroblasts. In addition, an elevation in ROS and antioxidant enzymes is observed in tears, blood, and urine, as well as orbital fibroadipose tissues and fibroblasts from GO patients. In vitro and in vivo studies have examined the efficacy of various antioxidant supplements for GO. These findings suggest a therapeutic role of antioxidants in GO patients. This review summarizes the current understanding of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis and potential antioxidants for the treatment of GO. |
| Starting Page | 1871 |
| e-ISSN | 22279059 |
| DOI | 10.3390/biomedicines9121871 |
| Journal | Biomedicines |
| Issue Number | 12 |
| Volume Number | 9 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | MDPI |
| Publisher Date | 2021-12-10 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Biomedicines Anesthesiology Antioxidant Graves' Disease Graves' Ophthalmopathy Immune Oxidative Stress Reactive Oxygen Species |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
