NDLI: Evaluating the Relationship between Freight Transport, Economic Prosperity, Urbanization, and $CO_{2}$ Emissions: Evidence from Hong Kong, Singapore, and South Korea

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Evaluating the Relationship between Freight Transport, Economic Prosperity, Urbanization, and $CO_{2}$ Emissions: Evidence from Hong Kong, Singapore, and South Korea

Content Provider	MDPI
Author	Shafique, Muhammad Azam, Anam Rafiq, Muhammad Luo, Xiaowei
Copyright Year	2020
Description	This paper analyzes the relationship between freight transport, economic prosperity, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, energy consumption, and urbanization for three top Asian economies, namely, Hong Kong, Singapore, and South Korea during 1995–2017. For this purpose, we use the augmented Dickey-Fuller test for the stationary of the series, Johansen co-integration approach, and fully modified ordinary least squares and Granger causality model to infer the causal relationship between the study variables. The results show that economic prosperity (GDP) and energy consumption (EC) have a significant impact on freight transport (FT) for all three economies. In addition, the results also manifest the existence of bidirectional causality between GDP and FT in Singapore but a unidirectional causality running from GDP to FT in the case of Hong Kong and South Korea. As a quick policy option, controlling fossil fuel energy consumption in the transport sector may result in a remarkable reduction in CO2 emissions. The present study provides new insights to decision-makers for designing comprehensive energy and environmental policies for future sustainable freight transport growth in the long run.
Starting Page	10664
e-ISSN	20711050
DOI	10.3390/su122410664
Journal	Sustainability
Issue Number	24
Volume Number	12
Language	English
Publisher	MDPI
Publisher Date	2020-12-21
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Sustainability Transportation Science and Technology Freight Transport Economic Prosperity Urbanization Carbon Emissions Granger Causality Model
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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