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Virtual electrodes generated by focused penta-polar current stimulation for neuromodulation

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The Journal of Engineering

Virtual electrodes generated by focused penta-polar current stimulation for neuromodulation

Content Provider	IET Digital Library
Author	Shim, Shinyong Park, Jeong Hoan Kim, Sung June
Abstract	Virtual electrodes in neuromodulation can provide more delicate stimulation patterns with a limited number of physical electrodes in a confined area. Many researchers successfully verified the effectiveness of virtual electrodes in clinical trials, using current steering, which modulates electric fields produced by multi-polar stimulation. Still, it is questioned how these virtual electrodes are really generated in an electrolyte, especially in two dimensions. In order to answer this question, this work analyses the virtual electrode generation by comparing finite element analysis and in vitro evaluation of penta-polar stimulation. Penta-polar stimulation was realised using custom-designed integrated circuits and electrodes with an individual diameter of 450 μm and a centre-to-centre spacing of 800 μm. The customised test setup of electric field measurement estimated (i) the focused electric fields by the penta-polar stimulation and (ii) the optimum distance from the electrodes, at which virtual electrodes were most effectively generated. Compared with mono-polar stimulation, the penta-polar stimulation showed 0.594 and 0.545 times smaller electric field distribution areas, respectively, at a distance from the electrodes of 100 μm. Furthermore, the virtual electrodes showed the best performance at a distance from the electrodes of 150 μm, while the distance varied from 13 to 250 μm.
Starting Page	374
Ending Page	377
Page Count	4
Volume Number	15
e-ISSN	17500443
Issue Number	Issue 6, May (2020)
Alternate Webpage(s)	https://digital-library.theiet.org/content/journals/mnl/15/6
Alternate Webpage(s)	https://digital-library.theiet.org/content/journals/10.1049/mnl.2019.0348
Journal	Micro & Nano Letters
Publisher Date	2020-05-27
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	© The Institution of Engineering and Technology
Subject Keyword	Bioelectric Phenomena Bioelectric Signal Biomedical Electrodes Centre-centre Spacing Current Steering Custom-designed Integrated Circuit Distance 13.0 Mum to 250.0 Mum Electric Field Distribution Areas Electric Field Measurement Electrical Activity in Neurophysiological Processes Electrodiagnostics And Other Electrical Measurement Technique Electrolyte Finite Element Analysis Focused Penta-polar Current Stimulation In Vitro Evaluation Monopolar Stimulation Multipolar Stimulation Neuromodulation Neurophysiology Numerical Approximation And Analysis Physical Electrodes Size 450.0 Mum Size 800.0 Mum Virtual Electrode Generation
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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