NDLI: Using feature points and angles between them to recognise facial expression by a neural network approach

Content Provider	IET Digital Library
Author	Li, Taihao Du, Cuifen Naren, Tuya Chen, Zhiqiang Liu, Shupeng Zhou, Jianshe Xu, Xiaoyin
Abstract	In this study, the authors propose a neural network (NN) method that uses feature points and the angles formed between the points to recognise facial expressions. Accurate facial expression recognition is an important part of affective computing with many practical applications. Yet, achieving acceptable levels of facial recognition accuracy has proven difficult. Feature points and the distances between the points are used to model basic expressions in NN-based approaches, but, in some cases, they cannot generate satisfactory performance. They expand on the characterisation of facial expression by considering the angles formed between feature points to augment the amount of information that is sent to the NNs. Furthermore, to circumvent a common challenge in facial expressions recognition, which is the difficulty of differentiating among several expressions, they designed a post-processing step to assess the output of the NN against a threshold. The whole method makes a decision only when the output of the NN exceeds the threshold. Otherwise, the frame under consideration is assigned to a ‘no decision’ class. They tested our method on the widely used facial expression CK + database and found that it can achieve good accuracy.
Starting Page	1951
Ending Page	1955
Page Count	5
ISSN	17519659
Volume Number	12
e-ISSN	17519667
Issue Number	Issue 11, Nov (2018)
Alternate Webpage(s)	https://digital-library.theiet.org/content/journals/iet-ipr/12/11
Alternate Webpage(s)	https://digital-library.theiet.org/content/journals/10.1049/iet-ipr.2018.0009
Journal	IET Image Processing
Publisher Date	2018-06-22
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	© The Institution of Engineering and Technology
Subject Keyword	Affective Computing Basic Expressions CK + Database Computer Vision And Image Processing Technique Emotion Recognition Face Recognition Facial Expression Recognition Facial Recognition Accuracy Feature Point Image Recognition Neural Computing Technique Neural Nets Neural Network Approach Neural Network Method NN-based Approach No-decision Class
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Signal Processing Electrical and Electronic Engineering Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Software

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

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