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| Content Provider | IEEE Xplore Digital Library |
|---|---|
| Author | Muench, D. Paulitsch, M. Herkersdorf, A. |
| Copyright Year | 2015 |
| Description | Author affiliation: Tech. Univ. Munchen, Munich, Germany (Herkersdorf, A.) || Thales Group, Thales Austria GmbH, Vienna, Austria (Paulitsch, M.) || Airbus Group Innovations, Munich, Germany (Muench, D.) |
| Abstract | Safety-critical systems and in particular mixed-criticality systems require spatial and temporal separation for their hosted applications and functionalities. Additional constraints are using Commercial Off -- The -- Shelf (COTS) components, portability and determinism. These items are required for economic success for products with low piece numbers and long life-cycles like aircraft. Available embedded processors lack means for spatial separation of Input/Output (I/O) components like an Input/Output Memory Management Unit (IOMMU). The objective of this paper is to provide spatial separation for I/O in COTS mixed-criticality embedded real-time systems like avionics with minimum possible impact on performance (transfer time, transfer rate, Central Processing Unit (CPU) usage). The three main contributions of this paper are: (1) The presented Input/Output Memory Protection Unit (IOMPU) enables to upgrade spatial separation for I/O to a system by using COTS components and Non-Transparent Bridge (NTB) technology. In addition, the IOMPU concept is compatible with existing temporal separation solutions. (2) The paper shows a prototype implementation and a potential use case in context of hardware-based I/O virtualization. (3) The evaluation in this paper demonstrates that the IOMPU concept is practically applicable. The performance overhead (transfer time, transfer rate) is below 0.88%, which is almost negligible, particularly compared to state-of-the-art software-based solutions. |
| Starting Page | 1037 |
| Ending Page | 1044 |
| File Size | 258210 |
| Page Count | 8 |
| File Format | |
| e-ISBN | 9781479989379 |
| DOI | 10.1109/HPCC-CSS-ICESS.2015.221 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) |
| Publisher Date | 2015-08-24 |
| Publisher Place | USA |
| Access Restriction | Subscribed |
| Rights Holder | Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) |
| Subject Keyword | spatial separation IOMPU mixed-criticality systems IOMMU real-time embedded systems Bridges Program processors Memory management non-transparent bridge (NTB) Real-time systems System-on-chip Virtualization hardware-based I/O virtualization |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
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