NDLI: The Birth, Evolution and Future of the Microprocessor

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Shima, M.
Copyright Year	2005
Description	Author affiliation: Visual Technol. Inc. (Shima, M.)
Abstract	Summary form only given. The world's first microprocessor, the 4004, was co-developed by Busicom, a Japanese manufacturer of calculators, and Intel, a U.S. manufacturer of semiconductors. During the development of a general-purpose LSI for not only desktop calculators but also other business machines, originally based on a decimal computer with a stored program method, a basic architecture of 4004 was developed in August 1969; a concrete plan for the 4004 system was finalized in December 1969; and the first microprocessor was successfully developed in March 1971. Microprocessors, which became the "technology to open up a new era", brought two outstanding impacts, "power of intelligence" and "power of computing". First, microprocessors opened up a new "era of programming" through replacing with software, the hardwired logic based on IC's of the former "era of logic". At the same time, microprocessors allowed young engineers access to "power of computing" for the creative development of personal computers and computer games, which in turn led to growth in the software industry, and paved the way to the development of high-performance microprocessors. Development engineers involved in creative development can be likened to explorers who go into unmapped territory without a compass, having hope for success and fear of failure. Also, an engineer must be armed with the firm belief that his mission is nothing but development, and must be determined to go his own way, never following another's tracks. In this paper, the birth, evolution and future of microprocessor are described. 4004 performance was only 0.06 MIPS with 2,238 transistors and 750 KHz operating frequency. Microprocessors evolved from 4 bit to 64 bit microprocessors, introducing computer technologies such as pipeline, super-pipeline, super-scalar, VLIW, cache memory, and virtual memory system. Now, it is possible to integrate 16 sets of microprocessor with 64GB of memory on the board. In 20th century, microprocessors were used for increasing; "power of intelligence". In 21st century, microprocessors evolve into "tool to bring forth wisdom" for all mankind
Sponsorship	Univ. of Aizu, Japan Nat. Natural Sci. Found. China Fudan GrandHorizon Inf. Technol., Inc. China Hewlett-Packard Co., Ltd
Starting Page	2
Ending Page	2
File Size	60757
Page Count	1
File Format	PDF
ISBN	076952432X
DOI	10.1109/CIT.2005.182
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2005-09-21
Publisher Place	China
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Power engineering computing Calculators Logic programming Microprocessors Computer architecture Semiconductor device manufacture Microcomputers Large scale integration Concrete Power engineering and energy
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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