NDLI: Avoiding the closure of ports during a national emergency

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Bottan, G.L.
Copyright Year	2011
Description	Author affiliation: 93 Burlington Street, Lexington, Massachusetts 02420-1707 (Bottan, G.L.)
Abstract	The likelihood of a terrorist organization obtaining and transporting a nuclear weapon to the U.S. is considered by many to be low, but the threat is real and the consequences are potentially catastrophic. If such a situation were to occur, what would the response of the United States be? This paper emphasizes that closing all ports of entry would cost billions of dollars and that to mitigate such costs the U.S. should have in place mechanisms and equipment capable of clearing containers from nuclear weapons, so ports of entry can continue to operate, even if at reduced volumes. Allowing goods into our country would keep factories running, emergency facilities operational, and medical supplies and other humanitarian help flowing, making our nation more capable of responding to such a crisis. The paper explains one approach for keeping our ports open. It describes the use of a technology called Effective Z in 3D (EZ-3D™) whereby a sea cargo container would be automatically inspected to locate high Z anomalies (characteristic of nuclear materials and/or shielding) within a minute. Simultaneously, a second technology called “Prompt Neutrons from Photo fission” (PNPF) would automatically clear the container from having fissionable material. The container could be allowed into the country if no fissionable anomalies are detected. If a container is found to have anomalies or an alert related to fissionable material is produced, a third technology called Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence (NRF) would be used. NRF can examine the anomaly by measuring the isotopic content of the materials in the regions of interest and resolve any alert or ambiguity via material identification.
Starting Page	470
Ending Page	474
File Size	2199284
Page Count	5
File Format	PDF
ISBN	9781457713750
e-ISBN	9781457713767
DOI	10.1109/THS.2011.6107914
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2011-11-15
Publisher Place	USA
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Effective Atomic Number in 3 Dimensions (EZ-3D™) Clearing containers Materials Port closures Non-intrusive detection (NII) Containers Inspection Neutrons Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence (NRF) Photonics Nuclear weapons Explosives Prompt Neutrons from Photo fission (PNPF)
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

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