NDLI: Extreme Volume Detection for Managed Print Services

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Handley, J.C. Schneider, M.-L. Ciriza, V. Earl, J.
Copyright Year	2010
Abstract	A managed print service (MPS) manages the printing, scanning and facsimile devices in an enterprise to control cost and improve availability. Services include supplies replenishment, maintenance, repair, and use reporting. Customers are billed per page printed. Data are collected from a network of devices to facilitate management. The number of pages printed per device must be accurately counted to fairly bill the customer. Software errors, hardware changes, repairs, and human error all contribute to “meter reads” that are exceptionally high and are apt to be challenged by the customer were they to be billed. Account managers periodically review data for each device in an account. This process is tedious and time consuming and an automated solution is desired. Exceptional print volumes are not always salient and detecting them statistically is prone to errors owing to nonstationarity of the data. Mean levels and variances change over time and usage is highly auto correlated which precludes simple detection methods based on deviations from an average background. A solution must also be computationally inexpensive and require little auxiliary storage because hundreds of thousands of streams of device data must be processed. We present an algorithm and system for online detection of extreme print volumes that uses dynamic linear models (DLM) with variance learning. A DLM is a state space time series model comprising a random mean level system process and a random observation process. Both components are updated using Bayesian statistics. After each update, a forecasted value and its estimated variance are calculated. A read is flagged as exceptionally high if its value is highly unlikely with respect to a forecasted value and its standard deviation. We provide implementation details and results of a field test in which error rate was decreased from 26.4% to 0.5% on 728 observed meter reads.
Starting Page	617
Ending Page	622
File Size	475163
Page Count	6
File Format	PDF
ISBN	9781424492114
DOI	10.1109/ICMLA.2010.95
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2010-12-12
Publisher Place	USA
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	state space models Computational modeling Time series analysis Kalman filter online filtering Robustness Data models Dynamic linear models Mathematical model Printers Equations
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

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