NDLI: Cabled instrument technologies for ocean acidification research

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Kirkwood, W.J. Peltzer, E.T. Walz, P. Headley, K. Herlien, B. Kecy, C. Maughan, T. O'Reilly, T. Salamy, K.A. Shane, F. Scholfield, J. Brewer, P.G.
Copyright Year	2011
Description	Author affiliation: Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, 7700 Sandholdt Rd., Moss Landing, CA. 95039 (Kirkwood, W.J.; Peltzer, E.T.; Walz, P.; Headley, K.; Herlien, B.; Kecy, C.; Maughan, T.; O'Reilly, T.; Salamy, K.A.; Shane, F.; Scholfield, J.; Brewer, P.G.)
Abstract	With rising concern over the impacts of ocean acidification on marine life there is a need for greatly improved techniques for carrying out in situ experiments. These must be able to create a ΔpH of 0.3 to 0.5 by addition of CO for studies of natural ecosystems such as coral reefs, cold water corals, and other sensitive benthic habitats. Thus controlled CO perturbation experiments in the field rather than in aquaria are quickly becoming an essential ocean science tool. Free Air CO Enrichment (FACE) experiments have long been carried out on land to investigate the effects of elevated atmospheric CO levels on vegetation. However, only limited work on CO enrichment using quasi-open systems has yet been carried out in the ocean. Seawater CO has complex chemistry with significantly slow reaction kinetics, unlike land-air experiments where simple mixing is the major concern. Ocean experimental designs must to take these reaction rates into account. The net result of adding a small quantity of CO to seawater is to reduce the concentration of dissolved carbonate ion, and increase bicarbonate ion through the reaction: CO + HO + $CO^{2−}$ → $2HCO^{−}$ The reaction between CO and HO is slow and is a complex function of temperature, pH, and TCO. The reaction proceeds more rapidly at lower pH and higher temperatures. Marine animals in the natural ocean will typically experience only small and temporary shifts from environmental CO equilibrium. Valid perturbation experiments must try to expose an experimental region to a near stable lower pH condition, and avoid large and rapid pH variability to the extent possible. This paper describes the design, development and testing of an in situ pH perturbation experiment deployed on a subsea cable for control. The paper addresses the differences between the deep-sea and shallow water versions of the experiments and addresses the pH sensor developments that enable long deployments.
Starting Page	1
Ending Page	8
File Size	2866686
Page Count	8
File Format	PDF
ISBN	9781457701658
e-ISBN	9781457701641
DOI	10.1109/UT.2011.5774089
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2011-04-05
Publisher Place	Japan
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Instruments Ocean temperature Chemistry Graphical user interfaces Mars Sea measurements
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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