NDLI: Wake removal for clear side-scan images

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Bird, J.S. Mullins, G.K.
Copyright Year	2008
Description	Author affiliation: Sch. of Eng. Sci., Simon Fraser Univ., Burnaby, BC (Bird, J.S.; Mullins, G.K.)
Abstract	Multi-angle swath bathymetry (MASB) sonars are typically used for bathymetry applications but their unique characteristics make them useful for generating clear side-scan images of the bottom, free from artifacts produced by wakes, surface bounce multi-path signals and water column targets. MASB sonars use a small array of long vertically stacked array elements to estimate the angle of arrival for backscatter. Unlike interferometric sonars which can estimate only one angle of arrival, MASB sonars can estimate the arrival angle of multiple same-time targets and therefore the potential exists for separating bottom backscatter from unwanted backscatter. Side-scan sonar is used to obtain high resolution images of the bottom but because of the wide beam it also picks up backscatter from wakes, water column targets, and surface bounce multi-path. This unwanted backscatter obscures the bottom image sometimes making it necessary to resurvey the area if these artifacts are present. Wakes are particularly bothersome in high traffic water ways and busy harbors where it may be necessary to get clear images of the bottom for security or search and recovery applications. This paper shows how MASB processing techniques coupled with beam steering can be used to generate artifact free images of the bottom. The paper begins by briefly outlining MASB sonar principles and then presents the methodology for generating clear bottom images. Element and composite beam patterns are presented for an actual MASB sonar system and these patterns are discussed in the context of target discrimination and artifact removal. Examples are presented of actual side-scan images contaminated by wakes, water column targets, and surface bounce multi-path signals. The data for these images is processed using the techniques described and new side-scan images are presented free of artifacts. A byproduct of the process is that side-scan images of wakes and water column targets can be produced alone without the bottom. This type of image is useful for situations where the water column or wake targets are of primary interest. Finally, conclusions are drawn with regard to the application of these techniques for obtaining unobscured bottom images or images of water column targets or wakes alone for security, and search and survey applications in high traffic areas.
Starting Page	1
Ending Page	7
File Size	2109947
Page Count	7
File Format	PDF
ISBN	9781424426195
DOI	10.1109/OCEANS.2008.5151811
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2008-09-15
Publisher Place	Canada
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Backscatter Image generation Security Water pollution Sonar applications Character generation Signal generators Image resolution Optical coupling Beam steering
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

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