NDLI: A survey of stabilization and storage techniques to protect iron encrustations and artifacts recovered from salt-water marine archaeology sites

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Yeager, W.E.
Copyright Year	2005
Description	Author affiliation: Odyssey Marine Exploration, Tampa, FL (Yeager, W.E.)
Abstract	Artifacts removed from maritime conditions are usually found encrusted together and can enclose items of disparate materials in one mass. To prevent further decay of these artifacts the conservator must keep the objects wet throughout the processes of recovery, cataloguing, and treatment To maintain the integrity of each artifact in conservation after recovery from an archaeological site requires appropriate solutions for immediate and long-term treatment. Iron is the most common material found in encrustations, so the most common conservation solutions chosen are those that will render passive chemical reactions of iron, and yet keep other possible associated materials safe. Unlike iron excavated from terrestrial sites, iron excavated from a maritime environment poses unique conservation requirements. It is essential to stabilize iron immediately upon removal from the archaeological site; even objects assumed to be hollow encrustations should be treated as though they contain an artifact until further study using X-rays or by other examinations. Chloride levels present a singular threat to maritime iron artifacts. The most popular form of iron stabilization is wet storage, but due to the higher chloride levels more intensive measures must be taken than those used traditionally for terrestrial objects. Although it may seem contradictory, a strong oxidizing solution will inhibit iron deterioration since a resistant oxide film will form and turn the iron passive. Alkaline potassium dichromate has been used in the past years successfully in this context, but unfortunately this chemical has high chromate ion levels, which are highly toxic and hazardous to the conservator. A successful and less-toxic method of initial stabilization is use of highly-alkaline inhibiting solutions with a pH 10-13. Subsequently, long-term storage tends to be more effective using chromate solutions, but care must be taken in the use and disposal of the chemicals
Starting Page	1836
Ending Page	1840
File Size	425696
Page Count	5
File Format	PDF
ISBN	0933957343
DOI	10.1109/OCEANS.2005.1640024
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2005-09-17
Publisher Place	USA
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	MTS
Subject Keyword	Protection Corrosion Cast iron Chemical hazards Water conservation Toxic chemicals Inorganic materials Bones Degradation Humans
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

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