NDLI: A low- and mid-frequency bistatic scattering model for the ocean surface

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Gauss, R.C. Fialkowski, J.M. Wurmser, D.
Copyright Year	2005
Description	Author affiliation: Acoust. Div., Naval Res. Lab., Washington, DC (Gauss, R.C.; Fialkowski, J.M.; Wurmser, D.)
Abstract	Accurate bistatic active sonar performance predictions require accurate predictions of reverberation which in turn rely on accurate estimates of surface scattering strength. This paper describes a new semi-empirical model that estimates the surface scattering strength due to both the rough air-sea interface and subsurface bubble clouds, given the acoustic frequency (up to 10 kHz), incident and scattered grazing angles, bistatic angle, wind speed, and sound speed in the water. For the interface, small slope theory is used that accounts for surface-wave roughness spectra with low wavenumber cutoffs. For the bubbles, a stochastic volume scattering theory is used for frequencies up to 5 kHz and a transition function to handle 5-10 kHz. For both components, model parameters are determined from fits to significant sets of low- and mid-frequency open-ocean data. The broadband model is then used to highlight the relative influence of the two scattering mechanisms as a function of frequency, wind speed, and scattering angle
Starting Page	1738
Ending Page	1744
File Size	398756
Page Count	7
File Format	PDF
ISBN	0933957343
DOI	10.1109/OCEANS.2005.1640007
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2005-09-17
Publisher Place	USA
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	MTS
Subject Keyword	Oceans Sea surface Acoustic scattering Rough surfaces Surface roughness Frequency estimation Wind speed Sonar Reverberation Clouds
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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