NDLI: Mass-Produced Quartz Oscillators as Low-Cost Replacement of Passive Rubidium Vapor Frequency Standards

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Bloch, M. Mancini, O. McClelland, T.
Copyright Year	2007
Description	Author affiliation: Frequency Electron., Inc., Mitchel Field (Bloch, M.; Mancini, O.; McClelland, T.)
Abstract	High precision oscillators that are capable of effectively operating over large temperature ranges and extreme temperature transients as well as providing excellent aging and holdover are continuously sought by industry. The wireless telecommunications industry, in its constant quest to minimize the cost of base stations, has reduced the usage of GPS in applications such as UMTS. Consequently, it requires oscillators with reliable and proven aging, where the oscillator free-runs and maintains an accuracy of better than 40 ppb for a minimum of ten years. Other applications require oscillators that must exhibit excellent temperature coefficients. For CDMA applications that oscillator is expected to provide better than 10 microseconds time-error over a 24 hour period (holdover). In wireline applications oscillator stability and holdover capability is paramount for building integrated timing supply (BITS) clocks, timing signal generators (TSG) and synchronization supply units (SSU). Similarly, applications exist in the Aviation, Navigation, Instrumentation, Military and other markets. In the past these industries had only two choices: rubidium atomic standards, or limited quantities of virtually non-reproducible precision crystal oscillators. In this paper we present a class of extremely precise, yet reproducible oscillators, developed by Frequency Electronics, Inc. These oscillators are identified as the FE-405A Series, and are capable of providing any frequency from 1 pps to 100 MHz with an aging characteristic of better than 20 ppb/10 years, accumulated time error of less than 10 microseconds in 24 hours and with temperature coefficient of < 1 x $10^{-10}$ over the temperature range of -40degC to +75degC. These devices are currently being mass-produced using standard manufacturing techniques at approximately one-third the cost and one-fifth the power dissipation of rubidium vapor frequency standards. Quartz oscillators with internal MEMS acceleration compensation are also discussed. These oscillators provide as much as 30 dB reduction in vibration sidebands for vibration from DC to 2 KHz.
Starting Page	1235
Ending Page	1240
File Size	857885
Page Count	6
File Format	PDF
ISBN	9781424406463
ISSN	10756787
DOI	10.1109/FREQ.2007.4319274
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2007-05-29
Publisher Place	Switzerland
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Oscillators Frequency Temperature distribution Aging Costs Timing Communication industry Base stations Global Positioning System 3G mobile communication
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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