NDLI: The MAC - a miniature atomic clock

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2015 Joint Conference of the IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium & the European Frequency and Time Forum

2014 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (FCS)

2012 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium Proceedings

2011 Joint Conference of the IEEE International Frequency Control and the European Frequency and Time Forum (FCS) Proceedings

2010 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium

2009 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium Joint with the 22nd European Frequency and Time forum

2008 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium

2007 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium Joint with the 21st European Frequency and Time Forum

2006 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition

Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition, 2005.

Welcome from the co-general chairs

2005 Joint IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Precise Time & Time Interval (PTTI) Systems & Applications Meeting

2005 Technical Program Committee (TPC) IEEE Int'l Frequency Control Symposium and Precise Time and Time Interval (PTTI)

2005 Joint IEEE IFCS and PTTI Awards

2005 Joint IEEE IFCS and PTTI Tutorials

Table of contents

MEMS technology for timing and frequency control

NRL analysis of GPS on-orbit clocks

GPS block IIR clocks in space: current performance and plans for the future

The onboard galileo rubidium and passive maser, status & performance

Implementation of the GPS to Galileo time offset (GGTO)

A review of time jitter and digital systems

On the measurement of frequency and of its sample variance with high-resolution counters

Exact analysis of DDS spurs and SNR due to phase truncation and arbitrary phase-to-amplitude errors

Design of a portable guided SH-SAW chemical sensor system for liquid environments

Adsorption studies with environmental significance using an acoustic wave sensor

High-frequency bulk acoustic resonant microbalances in liquid

The study of interaction of superhydrophobic (SH) materials with fluids using TSM sensors

Temperature-compensation circuits for simple solution-concentration sensor with temperature compensation using bulk acoustic waves

Comparison with an uncertainty of 2/spl times/10/sup -16/ between two primary frequency standards

Distributed cavity phase and the associated power dependence

On the power dependence of extraneous microwave fields in atomic frequency standards

Limitations to the short term frequency stability in a compact cold atom clock

Testing Lorentz Invariance Using Zeeman Transitions in Atomic Fountains

MEMS-based quartz oscillators and filters for on-chip integration

Vibrating micromechanical resonators with solid dielectric capacitive transducer gaps

Self-switching vibrating micromechanical filter bank

Studies on Mg/sub x/Zn/sub 1-x/O thin film resonator for mass sensor application

Characterization of nanostructured features of thin films of zinc oxide grown by sol-gel spin process

Closed-form solution for SPUDTs

Absolute measurement of in-plane vibrational distribution in piezoelectric resonators based on laser speckle interferometry

Laser-incident angle optimization for measuring in-plane mode shapes in piezoelectric resonators with polished surfaces

Significance of power flow angle interference due to finite sample dimension in reflection measurements

Aging of dual mode resonator for microcomputer compensated crystal oscillator

Study of the frequency spectrum of forced vibrations of piezoceramic bars polarized in length direction

TE/sub 01delta/ mode dielectric resonator coupled with coplanar waveguide

The effect of viscosity on thickness-shear and flexural vibrations of crystal plates

Rotation-sensitive cuts for surface acoustic waves on LGT substrates

Quantum 1/f and classical phase noise in resonant bio-chemical MEMS sensors

Digital phase detection for high-precision surface acoustic wave sensor systems

Autonomous characterization of clock drift for timescale improvement at the AHU/APL time and frequency laboratory

METAS time & frequency metrology report

Time and frequency activities at the U.S. naval observatory

Update of research activities on time and frequency at the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT)

Time and frequency activities at the National Measurement Institute, Australia

GPS activities at the National Measurement Institute, Australia

An improvement of the controlling algorithm for Taiwan's time scaling system

Estimation of the duration of the scale unit of TAI with primary frequency standards

Recent time and frequency transfer activities at the Observatoire de Paris

The establishment of a Brazilian atomic time scale

Long term study of the H-maser clocks at the Royal Observatory of Belgium

Progress in building NRC's cesium fountain clock

Laser-cooled continuous Cs-beam master oscillator

The new PTB caesium fountain clock CSF2

Light shift measurements in a cesium fountain without the use of mechanical shutters

Measurements of cesium polarizability in atomic clock via light frequency shift

Demonstration and Observation of a Frequency Standard Based on an Expanding Cold Atoms Cloud of Cesium

Laser cooling and launching performance in a (1,1,1)-geometry atomic fountain

Nonmagnetic UHV optical viewports

Miniaturized atomic fountain optical table

Design and preliminary characterization of the USNO rubidium fountain

A new microwave synthesis chain for the primary frequency standard NIST-F1

BIPM comparison of time transfer techniques

Two-way satellite time transfer between USNO and PTB

A comparison of GPS common-view time transfer to all-in-view

Precise continuous time and frequency transfer using GPS carrier phase

Experimental assessment of the time transfer capability of precise point positioning (PPP)

Redundancy and correlations in TAI time links

Long term operation, performance and applications of cryogenic sapphire oscillators

Zero-field Fe/sup 3+/: sapphire whispering-gallery-mode solid-state maser oscillator

Design and progress report for compact cryocooled sapphire oscillator "VCSO"

Titanium doped cryogenic sapphire resonator oscillators

Room temperature dual-mode oscillator - first results

Optimal estimation of clock values and trends from finite data

Refining the evaluation of uncertainties in [UTC - UTC (k)]

Tracking nonstationarities in clock noises using the dynamic allan variance

Testing of the methods of real-time MTIE calculation

Clock management data analysis for satellite communications

A two-dimensional analysis of surface acoustic waves in finite plates with eigensoluti

Estimation of quartz resonator Q and other figures of merit by an energy sink method

Improved longitudinal EMAT transducer for elastic constant extraction

Effect of energy trapping on performance of QCM

Numerical study of the effects of film properties to the mass sensitivity of surface acoustic wave sensors

A combination of TSM and AFM for investigating an interfacial interaction of particles with surfaces

Study of viscoelastic effect on the frequency shift of microcantilever chemical sensors

Dynamic frequency response of the auto-tuned hydrogen maser to systematic perturbations

Characterization and reduction of number dependent sensitivity in multi-pole linear ion trap standards

Liter sized ion clock with 10/sup -15/ stability

Ion-acoustic plasma waves in rf-discharge lamps: light-shift stabilization for atomic clocks

Low-noise x-band oscillator and amplifier technologies: comparison and status

Impedance control for critically coupled cavities

Vibration-induced PM noise in oscillators and measurements of correlation with vibration sensors

Low phase noise VCSO with diamond SAW resonators

W-band dual channel AM/PM noise measurement system - an update

Low phase noise UHF TCXO

Exciting traveling waves in high Q structures using microstrip

Digital recursive oscillator with reduced frequency versus temperature dependency utilizing a dual-mode crystal oscillator

A high frequency cascode oscillator with negative resistance enhancement circuit and its analysis

1 [GHz] high frequency Colpitts oscillator

212.5[MHz] fundamental oscillator for fiber channel application

Phase noise in microwave bridge oscillators

On optimization of a frequency discriminator for a low phase noise microwave oscillator with combined stabilization

Optical links for ultra low phase noise microwave oscillators measurement

32KHz MEMS-based oscillator for low-power applications

Stress induced performance degradation in LC oscillators

Novel design of an all-cryogenic RF pound circuit

GTEM cell method based comparative analysis of performance degradation in integer and fractional frequency synthesizer based direct conversion CDMA transmitters

Comparison among precision temperature compensated crystal oscillators

SAW unidirectional interdigital transducer with ultra-low insertion loss and wide band in 10MHZ-10GHZ range

Discovery of swapping chuck

Changing process of two convex-lens shape resonators on one quartz blank

A rubidium frequency standard based on unreal time control approach

Theoretical studying about the measurement of the C-field intensity in the optical pumped cesium frequency standard

Characterizing absorption spectrum of natural rubidium by using a directly modulated VCSEL

Optical lattice laser

Development of a /sup 171/Yb/sup +/ microwave frequency standard at the National Measurement Institute, Australia

Single Ca/sup +/ ion trapping toward precise frequency measurement of the 4 /sup 2/S/sub 1/2/ - 3/sup 2/D/sub 5/2/ transition

CANVAS: clock analysis, visualization, and archiving system - a new software package for the efficient management of clock/oscillator data

New frequency counting principle improves resolution

Remote frequency measurement of TV 5 rubidium

Robust control of frequency standards in the presence of systematic disturbances

A distributed trigger system for picosecond LASER facilities

Phase-accumulator based multi-channel high-precision digital PWM architecture

Frequency calibration of A/D converter in software GPS receivers

Determining geo-stationary satellite position using TWSTFT links

Impact of Satellite Motion on the Asia-Pacific TWSTFT Links

A numerical comparison of the unbiased FIR and Kalman filters in applications to GPS-based timekeeping

A comparotive study of GPS P3 and GPS L3

Characterizing the performance of GPS disciplined oscillators with respect to UTC(NIT)

Study on GPS common-view observation data with multiscale Kalman filter based on correlation structure of the discrete wavelet coefficients

The inter-American metrology system (SIM) common-view GPS comparison network

Recent improvements in GPS carrier phase frequency transfer

Improvement GPS time link in Asia with all in view

The calibration device for TWSTFT station at TL

Time Comparisons by GPS C/A, GPS P3, GPS L3 and TWSTFT at KRISS

First evaluation of a rapid time transfer within the IGS global real-time network

Recent progress in GLONASS time transfer

German timing expertise to support Galileo

Testing the capabilities of GPS receivers for time transfer

Sources of instabilities in two-way satellite time transfer

The MAC - a miniature atomic clock

Component-level demonstration of a microfabricated atomic frequency reference

A novel absorption resonance for atomic clocks

Recent results on a pulsed CPT clock

The non-linear equivalent circuit of the vibrating Y-cut GaPO/sub 4/ resonator

High and low frequency GaPO/sub 4/ resonators

Dual-mode SC-cut resonator hysteresis and aging study

Drive level dependency in quartz resonators

Amplitude-frequency effects in VHF quartz resonators

The technique development of OCXO in China

Enhanced or eLoran for time and frequency applications

Modernized LORAN-C timing test bed status and results

Clocks and timing in the NASA deep space network

Performance analysis and simulation of JTIDS network time synchronization

NGA GPS monitor station high-performance cesium frequency standard stability: from NGA Kalman filter clock estimates

Modulation response (S21) of the coupled opto-electronic oscillator

Frequency stabilization of the coupled opto-electronic oscillator

Flicker noise in high-speed photodetectors

Sapphire resonators + SiGe transistors based ultra low phase noise microwave oscillators

Phase noise performance of low voltage surface transverse wave oscillators in the 0.9 to 2.4 GHz range

Low voltage, high performance, GHz range STW clocks with BAW crystal stability

Miniaturized angular rate sensor with laminated quartz tuning fork

Implementation of orthogonal frequency coded SAW devices using apodized reflectors

System for a remote readout of multiple passive sensors using 31 THz quantum cascade laser

Approximate error estimates in passive SAW sensors with differential phase measurement

Time and frequency transfer in an asynchronous TCP/IP over SDH-network utilizing passive listening

Time and frequency transfer and dissemination methods using optical fiber network

A high performance frequency standard and distribution system for Cassini Ka-band experiment

High performance frequency dissemination for metrology applications with optical fibers

Locking lasers with large FM noise to high Q cavities

Noise properties of microwave signals synthesized with femtosecond lasers

Narrowing laser linewidth using a stabilized optical frequency comb

A solid-state atomic frequency standard

Minimizing the required trap depth in optical lattice clocks

Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition, 2004.

IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and PDA Exhibition Jointly with the 17th European Frequency and Time Forum, 2003. Proceedings of the 2003

Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and PDA Exhibition (Cat. No.02CH37234)

Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE International Frequncy Control Symposium and PDA Exhibition (Cat. No.01CH37218)

Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition (Cat. No.00CH37052)

Proceedings of the 1999 Joint Meeting of the European Frequency and Time Forum and the IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (Cat. No.99CH36313)

Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (Cat. No.98CH36165)

Proceedings of International Frequency Control Symposium

Proceedings of 1996 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium

Proceedings of the 1995 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (49th Annual Symposium)

Proceedings of IEEE 48th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control

1993 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium

Proceedings of the 1992 IEEE Frequency Control Symposium

Proceedings of the 45th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control 1991

44th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control

Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Symposium on Frequency Control

Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Frequency Control Symposium, 1988.

41st Annual Symposium on Frequency Control

40th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control

39th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control

38th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control

37th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control

36th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control

Thirty Fifth Annual Frequency Control Symposium

34th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control

33rd Annual Symposium on Frequency Control

32nd Annual Symposium on Frequency Control

31st Annual Symposium on Frequency Control

30th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control

29th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control

28th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control

27th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control

26th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control

25th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control

24th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control

23rd Annual Symposium on Frequency Control

22nd Annual Symposium on Frequency Control

21st Annual Symposium on Frequency Control

20th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control

19th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control

18th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control

17th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control

16th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control

15th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control

14th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control

13th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control

12th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control

11th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control

10th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control

The MAC - a miniature atomic clock

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Lutwak, R. Vlitas, P. Varghese, M. Mescher, M. Serkland, D.K. Peake, G.M.
Copyright Year	2005
Description	Author affiliation: Technol. Realization Center, Symmetricom, Beverly, MA, USA (Lutwak, R.; Vlitas, P.)
Abstract	The authors are developing a chip-scale atomic clock (CSAC), more than two orders of magnitude smaller and lower power than any existing technology. As an intermediate milestone, en route to the ultimate CSAC objectives, we have developed a miniature atomic clock (MAC), combining the low-power CSAC physics package with a low-parts count, low-power digital control and microwave system. The MAC is a complete packaged atomic clock, with overall size of 10 cm/sup 3/, power consumption >200 mW, and short-term stability /spl sigma//sub y/(/spl tau/)/spl sim/4/spl times/10/sup -10//spl tau//sup - 1/2 /. The MAC provides a valuable testbed for the further development and refinement of the CSAC physics package as well as for the development of the CSAC control electronics prior to undertaking the costly and time-consuming size-reduction effort which will be necessary to meet the ultimate CSAC objectives. The MAC itself may find applications in commercial and military timing systems which require the relatively small size and power consumption of the MAC now, rather than wait for the evolution of the 1 cm/sup 3/, 30 mW CSAC.
File Size	735310
File Format	PDF
ISBN	0780390539
DOI	10.1109/FREQ.2005.1574029
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2005-08-29
Publisher Place	Canada
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Atomic clocks Packaging Physics Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers Energy consumption Timing Resonance Stability Digital control Electronic equipment testing
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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