NDLI: Authentication of quantum messages

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Barnum, H. Crepeau, C. Gottesman, D. Smith, A. Tapp, A.
Copyright Year	2002
Description	Author affiliation: Los Alamos Nat. Lab., NM, USA (Barnum, H.)
Abstract	Authentication is a well-studied area of classical cryptography: a sender A and a receiver B sharing a classical secret key want to exchange a classical message with the guarantee that the message has not been modified or replaced by a dishonest party with control of the communication line. In this paper we study the authentication of messages composed of quantum states. We give a formal definition of authentication in the quantum setting. Assuming A and B have access to an insecure quantum channel and share a secret, classical random key, we provide a non-interactive scheme that enables A to both encrypt and authenticate an m qubit message by encoding it into m+s qubits, where the error probability decreases exponentially in the security parameter s. The scheme requires a secret key of size 2m+O(s). To achieve this, we give a highly efficient protocol for testing the purity of shared EPR pairs. It has long been known that learning information about a general quantum state will necessarily disturb it. We refine this result to show that such a disturbance can be done with few side effects, allowing it to circumvent cryptographic protections. Consequently, any scheme to authenticate quantum messages must also encrypt them. In contrast, no such constraint exists classically. This reasoning has two important consequences: It allows us to give a lower bound of 2m key bits for authenticating m qubits, which makes our protocol asymptotically optimal. Moreover, we use it to show that digitally signing quantum states is impossible.
Sponsorship	IEEE Comput. Soc. Tech. Committee on Maht. Found. Comput. (TCMF) ACM/SIGACT
Starting Page	449
Ending Page	458
File Size	377745
Page Count	10
File Format	PDF
ISBN	0769518222
ISSN	02725428
DOI	10.1109/SFCS.2002.1181969
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2002-11-19
Publisher Place	Canada
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Authentication Cryptography Cryptographic protocols Paramagnetic resonance Computer science Information security Testing Teleportation Purification Communication system control
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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