NDLI: On the (non)universality of the one-time pad

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Dodis, Y. Spencer, J.
Copyright Year	2002
Description	Author affiliation: Dept. of Comput. Sci., New York Univ., NY, USA (Dodis, Y.; Spencer, J.)
Abstract	Randomization is vital in cryptography: secret keys should be randomly generated and most cryptographic primitives (e.g., encryption) must be probabilistic. We initiate the quantitative study concerning feasibility of building secure cryptographic primitives using imperfect random sources. Specifically, we concentrate on symmetric-key encryption and message authentication, where the shared secret key comes from an imperfect random source instead of being assumed truly random. In each case, we compare the class of "cryptographic" sources for the task at hand with the classes of "extractable" and "simulatable" sources, where: (1) "cryptographic" refers to sources for which the corresponding symmetric-key primitive can be built; (2) "extractable" refers to a very narrow class of sources from which one can extract nearly perfect randomness; and (3) "simulatable" refers to a very general class of weak random sources which are known to suffice for BPP simulation. For both encryption and authentication, we show that the corresponding cryptographic sources lie strictly in between extractable and simulatable sources, which implies that "cryptographic usage" of randomness is more demanding than the corresponding "algorithmic usage", but still does not require perfect randomness. Interestingly, cryptographic sources for encryption and authentication are also quite different from each other, which suggests that there might not be an elegant way to describe imperfect sources sufficient for "general cryptographic use". We believe that our initial investigation in this new area will inspire a lot of further research.
Sponsorship	IEEE Comput. Soc. Tech. Committee on Maht. Found. Comput. (TCMF) ACM/SIGACT
Starting Page	376
Ending Page	385
File Size	413659
Page Count	10
File Format	PDF
ISBN	0769518222
ISSN	02725428
DOI	10.1109/SFCS.2002.1181962
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2002-11-19
Publisher Place	Canada
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Atherosclerosis Cryptography Computer science Cryptographic protocols Computational modeling History Message authentication Approximation algorithms Distributed computing Testing
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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