NDLI: Normal and superconducting radio-frequency cavities for high energy particle accelerators

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Collings, E.W.
Copyright Year	2011
Description	Author affiliation: Center for Superconducting and Magnetic Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Welding Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, USA (Collings, E.W.)
Abstract	As a starting point we begin with an introduction to the general parallel-resonant circuit as a model for the RF resonant cavity with its surface resistance, Rs, and voltage-amplification parameter, Q. Early RF cavities were of polished high purity Cu. Factors controlling the Rs of a Cu cavity are: temperature, T, operating frequency, ƒ, and electrical resistivity, ρ, parameters associated with which are electron mean-free-path (l) and skin depth (δ). Surface resistance decreases with decreasing T and ρ in the normal skin-effect regime until a limit is reached at δ = l. Beyond this point the cavity wall enters the “anomalous-skin-effect regime” within which Rs is temperature independent and of order mΩ. To further reduce Rs and increase Q the cavity needs to be lined with or constructed from superconducting material. Currently the superconductor of choice is Nb whose BCS-based Rs (i.e. $R^{BCS})$ is some 3 to 4 orders of magnitude smaller than that of Cu. The $R^{BCS}$ of the Nb cavity decreases rapidly with temperature, hence the advantage of cooling by superfluid helium. In general $R^{BCS}$ also decreases rapidly with increase in Tc, the superconductor's transition temperature. Thus replacing Nb with an ideal uniform coating of Nb3Sn, for example, would in principal reduce $R^{BCS}$ by $10^{5}.$ Many factors can perturb the Rs of superconducting cavities and act to reduce the Q-factor, among them are: (i) Trapped magnetic flux from some external magnetic field which should expose the surface to no more than a few tens of µT, (ii) enhanced surface RF magnetic field (associated with surface defects) which limits the attainable accelerating field, (iii) effects associated with cavity shape and surface imperfections such as field emission and thermal breakdown. Finally the operating parameters of the LHC and the ILC are presented in terms of the accelerating properties of their SRF cavities.
Starting Page	326
Ending Page	329
File Size	399716
Page Count	4
File Format	PDF
ISBN	9781424478521
e-ISBN	9781424478538
DOI	10.1109/ASEMD.2011.6145135
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2011-12-14
Publisher Place	Australia
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Radio frequency ILC Surface resistance LHC Linear particle accelerator Cavity resonators Superconducting cavity Acceleration Skin effect Niobium Radiofrequency cavity Normal metal cavity
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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