NDLI: Glowing Contact Physics

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Shea, J.J.
Copyright Year	2006
Description	Author affiliation: Eaton Electr. Eaton Corp., Pittsburgh, PA (Shea, J.J.)
Abstract	There has been very little published research on glowing connections, especially their mechanisms and properties. In this study, oxide conductivity, surface X-ray maps, temperature measurements, and electrical waveforms were used to identify the structure and composition of glowing connections. It is shown that a glowing connection consists of a glowing molten liquid filament, which produced the orange glow that meanders on the surface of a solid copper oxide bridge that forms between two wires. Temperature and video measurements indicate that the glowing filament is in a liquid state. With the addition of oxide bridge resistivity measurements, the saw-tooth voltage pattern, typically seen in currents below 5Arms, has been explained. Also, when the glowing connection was slowly cooled, an impression of the glowing filament remained on the solid oxide. Subsequent SEM and X-ray mappings of this glow track revealed a track rich in copper, oxygen, and sulfur. This glow track explains the occasional low resistance path across the wires that can occur when the solid oxide bridge remains intact after cooling. Measurements in vacuum showed that oxygen was necessary to sustain the glowing filament even if there was a preexisting CuO oxide bridge present. Physical parameters affecting glow characteristics will be discussed; especially the semi-conducting nature of the copper oxide, and a model of the glowing contact, based on this data, that show some of the significant factors controlling the glow.
Sponsorship	IEEE
Starting Page	48
Ending Page	57
File Size	11104318
Page Count	10
File Format	PDF
ISBN	1424405815
DOI	10.1109/HOLM.2006.284064
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2006-09-25
Publisher Place	Canada
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Physics Bridge circuits Temperature measurement Solids Copper Wires Contacts Mechanical factors Conductivity Surface waves Glowing Filament Glowing contact Copper oxide Arcing CuO Cu2O Oxidation Resistivity Conductivit.y
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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