NDLI: Urban sensor networking using thick slots in manhole covers

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Mastarone, J.F. Chappell, W.J.
Copyright Year	2006
Description	Author affiliation: Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN (Mastarone, J.F.; Chappell, W.J.)
Abstract	Conversion of a manhole cover into a slot antenna is an environmentally-robust method of retrofitting sewage systems for environmental monitoring networks. Challenges in this design include the fact that the environment is harsh and not static, the radiation source is at ground level, and the antenna can not protrude from the ground. In this paper, we demonstrate successful sensor network retrofitting of common sewage systems through radiation from manhole tunnels to above-ground nodes, forming a wireless sensor network used to combat combined sewer overflows. Underground sensor-to-above-ground wireless links are established by manhole covers modified to have slits with appropriately spaced coaxial connections that create efficient slot antennas. The antenna was modeled and simulated using a full-wave simulator accounting for all features of the metallic shape of the cover. The antenna is shown to perform as expected as verified by outdoor measurements, but more importantly as implemented in a real life sensor network test bed
Sponsorship	Motorola Air Force Office of Sci. Res. ANSOFT
Starting Page	779
Ending Page	782
File Size	359123
Page Count	4
File Format	PDF
ISBN	1424401232
DOI	10.1109/APS.2006.1710643
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2006-07-09
Publisher Place	USA
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Intelligent networks Wireless sensor networks Sensor systems Water storage Slot antennas Control systems Wastewater treatment Storms Snow Water pollution
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

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