NDLI: Detection of Vesicoureteral Reflux Using Microwave Radiometry—System Characterization With Tissue Phantoms

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Arunachalam, K. Maccarini, P. De Luca, V. Tognolatti, P. Bardati, F. Snow, B. Stauffer, P.
Copyright Year	1964
Abstract	Microwave (MW) radiometry is proposed for passive monitoring of kidney temperature to detect vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) of urine that is externally heated by a MW hyperthermia device and thereafter reflows from the bladder to kidneys during reflux. Here, we characterize in tissue-mimicking phantoms the performance of a 1.375 GHz radiometry system connected to an electromagnetically (EM) shielded microstrip log spiral antenna optimized for VUR detection. Phantom EM properties are characterized using a coaxial dielectric probe and network analyzer (NA). Power reflection and receive patterns of the antenna are measured in layered tissue phantom. Receiver spectral measurements are used to assess EM shielding provided by a metal cup surrounding the antenna. Radiometer and fiberoptic temperature data are recorded for varying volumes (10-30 mL) and temperatures (40-46°C) of the urine phantom at 35 mm depth surrounded by 36.5°C muscle phantom. Directional receive pattern with about 5% power spectral density at 35 mm target depth and better than -10 dB return loss from tissue load are measured for the antenna. Antenna measurements demonstrate no deterioration in power reception and effective EM shielding in the presence of the metal cup. Radiometry power measurements are in excellent agreement with the temperature of the kidney phantom. Laboratory testing of the radiometry system in temperature-controlled phantoms supports the feasibility of passive kidney thermometry for VUR detection.
Sponsorship	IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society
Page Count	8
File Size	867355
Starting Page	1629
Ending Page	1636
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00189294
Volume Number	58
Issue Number	6
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2011-06-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Phantoms Antenna measurements Temperature measurement Radiometry Muscles Receiving antennas Microstrip antennas vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) Microwaves noninvasive thermometry radiometry tissue phantoms
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Biomedical Engineering

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