NDLI: Lead-free piezoelectric ceramic transducer in the donor-doped K1/2Na1/2NbO3 solid solution system

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Hagh, N.M. Jadidian, B. Ashbahian, E. Safari, A.
Copyright Year	1986
Abstract	Lead-based piezoelectric ceramics are suitable materials for noninvasive applications of ultrasound in medicine. However, the embedded therapeutic and diagnostic procedures require the use of lead-free piezoelectric materials as active elements in transducers. With this goal in mind, we investigated the substitution of Ba²⁺ cations in a lead-free piezoelectric system of K_1/2Na_1/2NbO₃-LiTaO₃-LiSbO₃ (KNN-LT-LS) with perovskite structure. The Ba²⁺ was added to the system as an A-site dopant in the range of 0-2 mol% in increments of 0.5 mol%. The addition of Ba²⁺ improved the piezoelectric charge coefficient, d₃₃, and longitudinal coupling coefficient, k₃₃. The composition with 1 mol% Ba2+ had 36% and 58% higher d₃₃ and k₃₃, respectively, than the undoped composition. It appeared that the addition of Ba⁺² induced "soft" characteristics in this lead-free piezoelectric system. This was verified by the increase of remnant polarization along with the decline of coercive field. The Ba²⁺ behaved as a grain growth inhibitor and caused a drastic reduction in polarization level (~60%) when the grain size became smaller than ~1.5 mum. Incorporation of Ba²⁺ up to 1.5 mol% increased the bulk resistivity of the KNN-LT-LS system and then reduced it drastically at higher dopant concentrations. The electron-hole compensation model fit well with the results obtained in this study and verified the A-site substitution of donor-doped barium. KNN-LT-LS ceramics with 0 mol% and 1 mol% Ba²⁺ were used to fabricate single-element ultrasonic transducers resonating at 5.5 MHz. The -6 dB fractional bandwidth and -20 dB pulse length of the probe made of doped ceramic were 50% and 1.68 mus, respectively. This indicated that this system could be considered as a candidate for invasive and/or embedded medical ultrasound applications.
Page Count	11
File Size	1647210
Starting Page	214
Ending Page	224
File Format	PDF
ISSN	08853010
Volume Number	55
Issue Number	1
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2008-01-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Environmentally friendly manufacturing techniques Ceramics Piezoelectric transducers Barium Bioceramics Ultrasonic transducers Biomedical transducers Piezoelectric materials Ultrasonic imaging Piezoelectric polarization
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Acoustics and Ultrasonics Instrumentation Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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