NDLI: Different effects of microbubble destruction and translation in Doppler measurements

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Tortoli, P. Boni, E. Corsi, M. Arditi, M. Frinking, P.
Copyright Year	1986
Abstract	In flow measurements in which microbubbles are involved, the amplitude and phase of the received echo signal are noticeably influenced by the transmitted ultrasound intensity. Previous studies have shown that, when such intensity is progressively increased, the Doppler spectrum is accordingly distorted, i.e., it is asymmetrically broadened toward the negative frequency side. Such deformation has been attributed to radiation force, which pushes the microbubbles into the sound propagation direction, thus yielding additional phase delays in the received echoes. However, the possible contribution of microbubble destruction to this spectral deformation has not been considered yet. In this paper, this issue is investigated by analyzing the experimental spectra produced by two different types of microbubbles suspended in a moving fluid and insonified in pulsed wave (PW) mode at programmable pulse repetition frequency (PRF) and pressure. Conditions are created in which either the radiation force or the destruction mechanism is expected to be dominant. Effects produced by the two phenomena on the Doppler spectrum are shown to be different. When the PRF is low (2 kHz), so that, according to theoretical simulations, the radiation force effect is negligible, a 26 dB noise floor increase is observed for a 13 dB pressure increment. For a higher PRF (16 kHz), the same pressure increase not only affects the noise floor, but also causes the bubbles to deviate from their original streamlines, yielding a Doppler bandwidth increase by a factor of 5. It is concluded that asymmetrical spectral broadening is mainly due to radiation force, and microbubble destruction mainly results in an increased noise floor without affecting the spectral shape.
Page Count	6
File Size	862345
Starting Page	1183
Ending Page	1188
File Format	PDF
ISSN	08853010
Volume Number	52
Issue Number	7
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2005-07-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Doppler measurements Acoustic noise Frequency Noise shaping Distortion measurement Fluid flow measurement Phase measurement Ultrasonic variables measurement Ultrasonic imaging Acoustic propagation
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Acoustics and Ultrasonics Instrumentation Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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