NDLI: Use of sonomicrometry and multidimensional scaling to determine the three-dimensional coordinates of multiple cardiac locations: feasibility and initial implementation

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Ratciiffe, M.B. Gupta, K.B. Streicher, J.T. Savage, E.B. Bogen, D.K. Edmunds Jr., L.H.
Copyright Year	1964
Abstract	The authors describe a new method which uses sonomicrometry and the statistical technique of multidimensional scaling (MDS) to measure the three-dimensional (3D) coordinates of multiple cardiac locations. The authors refer to this new method as sonomicrometry array localization (SAL). The new method differs from standard sonomicrometry in that each piezoelectric transducer element is used as both transmitter and receiver and the set of intertransducer element distances is measured. MDS calculates the 3D coordinates of each sonomicrometry transducer element from the set of intertransducer element distances. The feasibility of this new method was tested with mathematical simulations which demonstrated the ability of MDS to compensate for signal error and missing intertransducer element distances. The authors describe the design elements of a modified digitally controlled sonomicrometer in which a single transducer element can sequentially broadcast to as many as 8 receiver elements. That design is used to validate SAL in a water bath and in ex vivo and living hearts. Correlation with caliper measurement in the water bath (y int.=3.91/spl plusmn/3.36 min, slope=1.04/spl plusmn/0.05, r/sup 2/=0.969/spl plusmn/0.027) and with radiography in ex vivo (y int.=-0.87/spl plusmn/0.92 mm, slope=0.97/spl plusmn/0.02, r/sup 2/=0.960/spl plusmn/0.023) and in vivo hearts (y int.=2.98/spl plusmn/2.59 mm, slope=1.01/spl plusmn/0.06, r/sup 2/=0.953/spl plusmn/0.031) was excellent. Sonomicrometry array localization is able to accurately measure the 3D coordinates of multiple cardiac locations. It can potentially measure myocardial deformation and remodeling after ischemic or valvular injury.<>
Sponsorship	IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society
Page Count	12
File Size	1360818
Starting Page	587
Ending Page	598
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00189294
Volume Number	42
Issue Number	6
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	1995-06-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Multidimensional systems Coordinate measuring machines Piezoelectric transducers Heart Measurement standards Radio transmitters Testing Digital control Radiography In vivo
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Biomedical Engineering

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