NDLI: ZM-SPECK: A Fast and Memoryless Image Coder for Multimedia Sensor Networks

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Kidwai, N.R. Khan, E. Reisslein, M.
Copyright Year	2001
Abstract	The set partitioned embedded block (SPECK) algorithm is an efficient block-based image coder to encode wavelet transformed images. SPECK uses linked lists to track significant/insignificant coefficients and block sets, thereby having a large memory requirement that increases with the encoding rate. Furthermore, multiple memory read/write operations and list management slow down the algorithm. In addition, the implementation of the traditional discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is memory intensive and time-consuming. Therefore, it is difficult to implement image coding using the traditional DWT and SPECK algorithm on low-cost visual sensor nodes. Most of the existing studies on low-memory implementations of the SPECK algorithm attempt to replace the dynamic memory of linked lists by a static memory in the form of fixed-length state tables/markers. In this paper, a fast and memoryless image coder is proposed, which uses the fractional wavelet filter to calculate the DWT coefficients of the image and a zero-memory listless SPECK algorithm for quantization and coding of the DWT coefficients. The proposed algorithm, referred as zero-memory SPECK (ZM-SPECK), completely eliminates the linked lists and only uses a few registers to perform some low-level arithmetic/logical operations. The elimination of linked lists also reduces the memory access time, thereby making ZM-SPECK faster than the original SPECK algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed ZM-SPECK coder outperforms the contemporary state-of-the-art wavelet image coders in terms of memory requirement and computational complexity, while retaining their coding efficiency. The proposed ZM-SPECK image coder is thus very well suited for image communication in visual sensor networks.
Sponsorship	IEEE Sensors Council
Starting Page	2575
Ending Page	2587
Page Count	13
File Size	2097770
File Format	PDF
ISSN	1530437X
Volume Number	16
Issue Number	8
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2016-01-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Memory management Sensors Image sensors Discrete wavelet transforms Image coding Random access memory SPECK Fractional wavelet filter efficient image codec
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Instrumentation Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

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