NDLI: Cosmic Rays in Space

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	McDonald, F. B.
Copyright Year	1963
Abstract	The energetic particle populations observed in the MeV and greater range in interplanetary space are of both galactic and solar origin. The galactic cosmic rays are ever present though strongly modulated by solar activity while the solar cosmic rays are highly variable. Of particular interest in attempting to assess the radiation hazards for long missions is a more detailed knowledge of the charge and energy spectrum of the galactic component. Measurements of hydrogen, helium, and heavy nuclei down to 100 MeV/nuc have been obtained by groups at the University of Minnesota, the University of Chicago, and the Goddard Space Flight Center using balloon borne instrumentations at high altitudes. Results obtained on the IMP-1 satellite have furnished proton and helium data in the region 10 to 100 MeV. These combined data show a differential proton spectrum which has a broad maximum around 400 MeV and is steeply falling towards lower energies. The helium nuclei and protons seem to exhibit the same relative differential rigidity spectrum above 1.5 BeV. Below this rigidity the relative helium spectrum appears to be more rapidly falling than the proton spectrum. The IMP-1 proton results indicate that the galactic proton differential energy spectrum decreases by a factor of 5 going from 70 MeV to 20 MeV. Thus less than 1% of the total galactic cosmic rays appears to be contained in the low energy region below 100 MeV.
Sponsorship	IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society Computer Applications in Nuclear and Plasma Sciences (CANPS) Lawrence Berkeley Lab. Lawrence Livermore Nat. Lab. APS College of William and Mary Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility NASA Defence Nuclear Agency Sandia National Laboratories Jet Propulsion Laboratory Brookhaven Nat. Lab. Lawrence Livermore Nat. Lab IEEE/NPPS Radiat. Effects Committee Defence Nuclear Agency/DoD Sandia National Laboratories/DOE Jet Propulsion Laboratory/NASA Phillips Lab./DoD
Starting Page	10
Ending Page	11
Page Count	2
File Size	361379
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00189499
Volume Number	12
Issue Number	1
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	1965-02-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Cosmic rays Protons Hazards Nuclear measurements Hydrogen Instruments Satellites Region 10 Battery powered vehicles
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Nuclear and High Energy Physics Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nuclear Energy and Engineering

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