NDLI: Cu(In,Ga)Se<formula formulatype=inline><tex Notation=TeX>$_{bf 2}$</tex></formula> Solar Cells With Varying Na Content Prepared on Nominally Alkali-Free Glass Substrates

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Salomé, P.M.P. Hultqvist, A. Fjällström, V. Edoff, M. Aitken, B. Vaidyanathan, K. Zhang, K. Fuller, K. Kosik Williams, C.
Copyright Year	2011
Abstract	In this paper, Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ (CIGS) thin-film solar cells are prepared on nominally alkali-free glass substrates using an in-line CIGS growth process. As compared with, for example, borosilicate glass or quartz, the glass is engineered to have similar thermal expansion coefficient as soda-lime glass (SLG) but with alkali content close to zero. Na is incorporated in the CIGS material using an ex-situ deposited NaF precursor layer evaporated onto the Mo back contact. Several thicknesses of the NaF layer were tested. The results show that there is a process window, between 15 and 22.5 nm NaF, where the solar cell conversion efficiency is comparable with or exceeding that of SLG references. The effect of an NaF layer that is too thin on the solar cell parameters was mainly lowering the open-circuit voltage, which points to a lower effective dopant concentration in the CIGS layer and is also consistent with presented C - V measurements and modeling results. For excessively thick NaF layers, delamination of the CIGS layer occurred. Additional measurements, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), secondary ion mass spectrometry, capacitance-voltage analysis (C - V), time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL), external quantum efficiency (EQE), current-voltage analysis (J-V), and modeling, are presented, and the results are discussed.
Starting Page	852
Ending Page	858
Page Count	7
File Size	1176228
File Format	PDF
ISSN	21563381
Volume Number	3
Issue Number	2
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2013-01-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Substrates Photovoltaic cells Glass Charge carrier lifetime Performance evaluation Temperature measurement Current measurement thin films photovoltaic systems solar cells solar energy solids substrates
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Condensed Matter Physics Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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Incorporation of Na in Cu(In,Ga)Se$_{bf 2}$ Thin-Film Solar Cells: A Statistical Comparison Between Na From Soda-Lime Glass and From a Precursor Layer of NaF

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Na Incorporation in Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)₂ Films Grown on Insulator-Coated Stainless Steel Foil Using a Metal Precursor Reaction

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Interface-Barrier-Induced J–V Distortion of CIGS Cells With Sputtered-Deposited Zn(S,O) Window Layers

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The Effects of Device Geometry and TCO/Buffer Layers on Damp Heat Accelerated Lifetime Testing of Cu(In,Ga)Se$_{bf 2}$ Solar Cells

Cu(In,Ga)Se$_{bf 2}$ Solar Cells With Varying Na Content Prepared on Nominally Alkali-Free Glass Substrates

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