NDLI: Fine-scale volume heterogeneity measurements in sand

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Dajun Tang Briggs, K.B. Williams, K.L. Jackson, D.R. Thorsos, E.I. Percival, D.B.
Copyright Year	1976
Abstract	As part of the effort to characterize the acoustic environment during the high frequency sediment acoustics experiment (SAX99), fine-scale variability of sediment density was measured by an in situ technique and by core analysis. The in situ measurement was accomplished by a newly developed instrument that measures sediment conductivity. The conductivity measurements were conducted on a three-dimensional (3-D) grid, hence providing a set of data suited for assessing sediment spatial variability. A 3-D sediment porosity matrix is obtained from the conductivity data through an empirical relationship (Archie's Law). From the porosity matrix, sediment bulk density is estimated from known average grain density. A number of cores were taken at the SAX99 site, and density variations were measured using laboratory techniques. The power spectra were estimated from both techniques and were found to be appropriately fit by a power-law. The exponents of the horizontal one-dimensional (1-D) power-law spectra have a depth-dependence and range from 1.72 to 2.41. The vertical 1-D spectra have the same form, but with an exponent of 2.2. It was found that most of the density variability is within the top 5 mm of the sediment, which suggests that sediment volume variability will not have major impact on acoustic scattering when the sound frequency is below 100 kHz. At higher frequencies, however, sediment volume variability is likely to play an important role in sound scattering.
Sponsorship	IEEE Oceanic Engineering Society
Starting Page	546
Ending Page	560
Page Count	15
File Size	413731
File Format	PDF
ISSN	03649059
Volume Number	27
Issue Number	3
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2002-07-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Volume measurement Sediments Acoustic measurements Acoustic scattering Density measurement Conductivity measurement Laboratories Backscatter Wavelength measurement Frequency
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Ocean Engineering Mechanical Engineering Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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