NDLI: Statistically regulated and adaptive EM reconstruction for emission computed tomography

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Kadrmas, D.J.
Copyright Year	1963
Abstract	Iterative algorithms such as MLEM are rapidly becoming the standard for reconstruction in emission computed tomography. However, such algorithms require arbitrary stopping criteria, are sensitive to noise artifacts, and require accelerated implementations that may not work well for all imaging situations. We have investigated several new iterative algorithms with likelihood-based objective functions that use the concepts of statistically adaptive subsetting and spatially adaptive updates. The resulting statistically regulated expectation maximization (StatREM) algorithms are closely related to OSEM with the following exceptions: they apply spatially adaptive regularization and use statistically adaptive subsets to accelerate convergence in a controlled manner. Projection data are processed sequentially and internal statistically adaptive subsets are formed. When accumulated statistical power merits an update, e.g., determined by paired sample t-test, then spatially adaptive updates are applied and the corresponding test statistics and subset accumulations are reset. Reconstruction continues iteratively until no further statistically significant errors remain. The following properties were observed for clinical, phantom and simulated data: (1) user-defined test levels can provide statistically based stopping criteria; (2) recovery of spatial resolution is accelerated in high-count regions while low-count regions are regulated to reduce noise artifacts; (3) notable acceleration is achieved for large, sparse datasets [such as fully 3-D positron emission tomography (PET)]; and (4) resolution and contrast are superior to conventional OSEM at much lower noise levels. Statistically regulated expectation maximization algorithms may potentially provide a new archetype for PET and SPECT reconstruction.
Sponsorship	IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society Computer Applications in Nuclear and Plasma Sciences (CANPS) Lawrence Berkeley Lab. Lawrence Livermore Nat. Lab. APS College of William and Mary Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility NASA Defence Nuclear Agency Sandia National Laboratories Jet Propulsion Laboratory Brookhaven Nat. Lab. Lawrence Livermore Nat. Lab IEEE/NPPS Radiat. Effects Committee Defence Nuclear Agency/DoD Sandia National Laboratories/DOE Jet Propulsion Laboratory/NASA Phillips Lab./DoD
Starting Page	790
Ending Page	798
Page Count	9
File Size	366142
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00189499
Volume Number	48
Issue Number	3
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2001-06-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Image reconstruction Iterative algorithms Positron emission tomography Acceleration Programmable control Adaptive control Testing Spatial resolution Life estimation Noise level
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Nuclear and High Energy Physics Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nuclear Energy and Engineering

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

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