NDLI: Vehicle-to-Vehicle Forwarding in Green Roadside Infrastructure

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Azimifar, M. Todd, T.D. Khezrian, A. Karakostas, G.
Copyright Year	1967
Description	Smart scheduling can be used to reduce infrastructure-to-vehicle energy costs in delay-tolerant vehicular networks. In this paper, we show that, by combining this with vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) forwarding, downlink (DL) traffic schedules can be generated, whose energy costs are lower than that in the single-hop case. This is accomplished by having the roadside units (RSUs) dynamically forward packets through vehicles, which are in energy-favorable locations. This paper considers both constant bit rate (CBR) and variable bit rate (VBR) air-interface options. We first derive offline schedulers for the DL RSU energy usage when V2V forwarding is added to RSU-to-vehicle communication. Both in-channel and off-channel forwarding cases are considered. The CBR and VBR cases are obtained using integer linear programming (ILP) and time-expanded graph (TEG) formulations, respectively. These schedulers provide lower bounds on energy performance and are used for comparisons with a variety of proposed online scheduling algorithms. The first algorithm is based on a greedy local optimization (GLOA). A version of this algorithm, which uses a minimum-cost flow graph (MCFG) scheduler, is also introduced. A more sophisticated algorithm is then proposed, which is based on a finite-window group optimization (FWGO). Results from various experiments show that the proposed algorithms can generate traffic schedules with much improved DL energy requirements compared with the case where V2V packet forwarding is not used. The performance improvements are particularly strong when under heavy loading conditions and when the variation in vehicle communication requirements or vehicle speed is high. Results that compare the proposed algorithms with conventional nonenergy-aware schedulers are also presented.
Sponsorship	IEEE Vehicular Technology Society
Starting Page	780
Ending Page	795
Page Count	16
File Size	2132207
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00189545
Volume Number	65
Issue Number	2
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2016-01-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Vehicles Downlink Bit rate Schedules Communication channels Optimization Scheduling
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Applied Mathematics Automotive Engineering Computer Networks and Communications Electrical and Electronic Engineering Aerospace Engineering

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

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