NDLI: Children Absorb Higher Doses of Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Radiation From Mobile Phones Than Adults

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Morris, R.D. Morgan, L.L. Davis, D.
Copyright Year	2013
Abstract	The greater vulnerability of children to the effects of environmental hazards has raised concerns about their exposure to and the resultant absorption of mobile phone radiation. Foster and Chou (2014) reviewed published studies that used computer models of radio-frequency electromagnetic fields to estimate and compare the tissue dose rate in the heads of children and adults using mobile phones. Their review confuses exposure with absorption, and the study results conclude erroneously that children are not more exposed than adults. We show that their review was not executed systematically. There are discrepancies between text summaries and the graphed ratios of child: adult peak special specific absorption rate, in line with the author's hypothesis that children have the same or lower tissue dose than adults. Even the underlying precept of their review is flawed, as the results of deterministic models are treated as random variables. In fact, model results are entirely determined by the underlying assumptions and the structure of the model. Models are included in their unsystematic review that do not consider differences in dielectric constants among different tissues, or across ages, while other models that consider such differences are not included. In this paper, we discuss the differences between exposure and tissue absorption and re-examine the results presented by Foster and Chou. Based upon our review, we suggest an alternative interpretation of the published literature. In an Appendix, we discuss modeling of tissue dose in the context of governmental safety certification processes.
Starting Page	2379
Ending Page	2387
Page Count	9
File Size	4643750
File Format	PDF
ISSN	21693536
Volume Number	3
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2015-01-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Environmental factors Hazards Dosimetry Pediatrics Electromagnetic radiation Specific absorption rate Medical devices Mobile communication Biological tissues Brain modeling Finite difference methods WTDs (Wireless Transmitting Devices) Blood-Brain-Barrier (BBB) Certification Process Children Exposurelimits EMR (electromagnetic radiation) FACTS (Finite difference time domain Anatomically Correct Tissue Specific) FDTD (Finite-Difference, Time-Domain) RF (radio frequency) SAM (Specific Anthropomorphic Mannequin) SAR (Specific Absorption Rate) Virtual Family (VF), WTDs (wireless transmitting devices) Blood-brain-barrier (BBB) certification process children dosimetry exposure-limits FDTD (finite-difference, time-domain) RF (radio frequency) SAM (specific anthropomorphic mannequin) SAR (specific absorption rate) virtual family (VF)
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Computer Science Engineering Materials Science

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4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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