NDLI: Delay-encoded transmission and image reconstruction method in synthetic transmit aperture imaging

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Ping Gong Kolios, M.C. Yuan Xu
Copyright Year	1986
Abstract	Synthetic transmit aperture (STA) imaging systems usually have a lower SNR compared with conventional B-mode ultrasound systems because only one or a small number of elements are selected for each transmission in STA. Here we propose delay-encoded synthetic transmit aperture (DE-STA) imaging to encode all the transmission elements to increase the SNR of the pre-beamformed RF signals. The encoding scheme is similar to the Hadamard encoding. However, in each transmission of DE-STA imaging, selected transmitting elements are delayed by a half period of the ultrasound wave relative to the rest transmitting elements, rather than using a pulse inversion as in the Hadamard encoding sequence. After all the transmission events, a decoding process in the temporal frequency domain is applied to the acquired RF signals to recover the equivalent traditional STA signals with a better SNR. The proposed protocol is tested with simulated data (using Field II) and experimental data acquired with a commercial linear array imaging system (Ultrasonix RP). The results from both the simulations and the experiments demonstrate increased SNR of pre-beamformed RF signals and improved image quality in terms of peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), resolution and contrast-to-noise ratio compared with traditional STA. The lateral resolution (as assessed by a wire target) of DESTA imaging is improved by 28% and the PSNR of the wire is increased by 7 dB, respectively, compared with traditional STA imaging. The proposed image reconstruction framework can also be extended to other transmission protocols.
Starting Page	1745
Ending Page	1756
Page Count	12
File Size	13219538
File Format	PDF
ISSN	08853010
Volume Number	62
Issue Number	10
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2015-01-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Encoding Delays Signal to noise ratio Phantoms RF signals Arrays
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Acoustics and Ultrasonics Instrumentation Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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