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| Content Provider | frontiers |
|---|---|
| Author | Castellano, Flavia Correale, Jorge Molinier-Frenkel, Valérie |
| Abstract | U955, Université Paris-Est Créteil, F-94010 Créteil, France 3Department of Neurology, Fleni, Buenos Aires, Argentina Defective calibration of the immune response is involved in the pathophysiology of a great number of affections beyond chronic infections and autoimmunity. Membrane-expressed immune checkpoint molecules and cytokines are well-known mediators of immune regulation. Control of the level of some essential amino acids and production of bioactive amino acid-derived metabolites represents a less characterized pathway of immune regulation with potential for pharmacological manipulation (1).Cells sense amino acid levels through at least two different pathways, involving the general control non-derepressible 2 (GCN2) kinase, and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase, respectively (2). These two related serine/threonine kinases jointly assess nutritional deficiency (GCN2) and adequacy (mTOR). Increased amino acid catabolism leads to amino acid depletion, GCN2 activation and mTOR inactivation, thereby limiting activation of some immune cell populations, in particular T lymphocytes. Hence, basal amino acid catabolism can contribute to immune homeostasis, whereas elevated amino acid catalytic activity reinforces immune suppression. Finally, although not included in this Research Topic, another nice review from J Correale, appeared in Frontier Immunology in January 2021, describes our knowledge on the role of these enzymes in autoimmunity through the example of m... |
| ISSN | 16643224 |
| DOI | 10.3389/fimmu.2021.689864 |
| Volume Number | 12 |
| Journal | Frontiers in Immunology |
| Language | English |
| Publisher Date | 2021-05-05 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | T cell response B cell response Amino acids (AA) Tryptophan Immunossuppressive enzymes Immunregulation Phenylalanine Arginin |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Immunology and Allergy Immunology |
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