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| Content Provider | frontiers |
|---|---|
| Author | Pizarro, Theresa T. Dinarello, Charles A. Cominelli, Fabio |
| Abstract | Since discovery of the prototypic cytokines, interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF), almost 50 years ago (1,2), an explosion of information has followed regarding the biology of cytokines and their critical role(s) during health and disease. To date, 41 interleukins and more than 18 TNF superfamily (TNFSF) members have been described. Notably, in 1990, our group was one of the first to show that blockade of a single cytokine, i.e., IL-1, was effective in markedly reducing the severity of experimental colitis (3), laying the foundation to conceptualize that targeting of an individual cytokine could successfully impact the development and progression of a specific disease. The role of cytokines, in fact, has been particularly important in the gastrointestinal tract, both in maintaining homeostasis and during chronic inflammatory disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), wherein many cell types have the ability to both react to, and produce, cytokines in response to a variety of antigenic stimuli, dietary products, microbial components, and toxic agents. This wealth of new information has led to the approval of different anti-cytokine therapies, such as anti-TNF and anti-IL-12/23 monoclonal antibodies, for the treatment of both Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), the two main forms of IBD. In addition, novel small molecule inhibitors, such as those targeting the JAK/STAT pathway, and which possess broad anti-cytokine activity, are now ... |
| ISSN | 16643224 |
| DOI | 10.3389/fimmu.2021.698693 |
| Volume Number | 12 |
| Journal | Frontiers in Immunology |
| Language | English |
| Publisher Date | 2021-05-14 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Innate immunity Intestinal epithelium Cytokines Inflammatory bowel disease Adaptive Immunity Gut mucosal immunity |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Immunology and Allergy Immunology |
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