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| Content Provider | frontiers |
|---|---|
| Author | Wong, Michelle E. Jaworowski, Anthony Hearps, Anna C. |
| Abstract | Whilst CD4+ T cells are the primary targets of HIV, myeloid cells also express the HIV primary receptor CD4 and the chemokine co-receptor CCR5, and are also infected in vivo by R5-tropic and dual tropic strains of HIV. Monocytes and macrophages are significant mediators of inflammation, and dysregulation of their inflammatory functions either by direct or bystander mechanisms during HIV infection is a key driver of comorbidities with an inflammatory aetiology in PLWH. The significance of macrophage infection in viremic individuals is well established: HIV species within individuals become increasingly macrophage-tropic with disease progression (Gorry 2005) and by late stage infection, CD4 T cells are depleted and infected macrophages are a principal reservoir driving viremia (Orenstein 1997, Igarashi 2001. Moreover, monocyte and macrophage infection is linked to HIV pathologies including the development of HIV-associated dementia (HAD) by promoting inflammation and production of neurotoxins, and by impaired immunoprotective functions leading to thriving opportunistic infections (Kedzierska 2002). Currently, the role and relevance of monocytes and macrophages during virologically-suppressed HIV infection remains poorly defined, and the persistence, extent and relevance of a monocyte/macrophage HIV reservoir is not clearly understood. With effective cART, the extent of monocyte/macrophage activation and dysfunction is substantially reduced as compared to untreated PLWH, but ... |
| ISSN | 16643224 |
| DOI | 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02517 |
| Volume Number | 10 |
| Journal | Frontiers in Immunology |
| Language | English |
| Publisher Date | 2019-10-22 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | HIV Monocytes/macrophages Animal Models Reservoir DNAscope |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Immunology and Allergy Immunology |
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