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| Content Provider | frontiers |
|---|---|
| Author | Emberti Gialloreti, Leonardo Curatolo, Paolo |
| Abstract | In the last fifty years, Autism Spectrum Disorder research has constantly grown. However, etiology and pathogenesis of this disorder are still a matter of speculation. Thus, without reliable biomarkers Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) continues to be defined only by symptoms, being diagnosed by observing behavior and by asking questions to caregivers. As a result, established treatments for ASD core symptoms are still lacking. These limitations in knowledge are to some degree justified by the complexity and great heterogeneity of the ASD clinical phenotypes. Nevertheless, we maintain that recent developments in the understanding of gene-environment interactions are opening up new research outlooks, which might eventually lead to a leap forward in our comprehension and treatment of this disorder. Throughout the twentieth century ASD research, like many other conditions, has been the victim of virulent debates about the role of environmental vs. genetic determinants of disease, which sometimes turned into ideological rather than scientific face-offs. Autism too has swung between the “solely environment” approach of Bettelheim’s age and the “solely genetic” attitude of more recent periods. However, today we are more aware than ever that the large majority, if not all, disease processes - as well as human differences - are determined by both genetics and the environment. The core symptoms of ASD consist in social communication, language deficits, restricted interests, and repeti... |
| ISSN | 16642295 |
| DOI | 10.3389/fneur.2018.00670 |
| Volume Number | 9 |
| Journal | Frontiers in Neurology |
| Language | English |
| Publisher Date | 2018-08-17 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Epigenetics Neuroimaging Gene-environment interactions Autism Prospective Studies Neurodevelopmental trajectories Tuberous Sclerosis |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Neurology Neurology (clinical) |
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