NDLI: Structural Aspects of the Allergen-Antibody Interaction

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Soil-Transmitted Helminth Vaccines: Are We Getting Closer?

Staphylococcus aureus Protein A Induces Human Regulatory T Cells Through Interaction With Antigen-Presenting Cells

Evolutionary Pattern of Interferon Alpha Genes in Bovidae and Genetic Diversity of IFNAA in the Bovine Genome

Subsets of CD1c+ DCs: Dendritic Cell Versus Monocyte Lineage

Targeted Endometrial Scratching: An Example of Endometrial Diagnosis Usage in Reproductive Medicine

Mimicking Antigen-Driven Asthma in Rodent Models—How Close Can We Get?

The Immune Characteristics of the Epididymis and the Immune Pathway of the Epididymitis Caused by Different Pathogens

As Plain as the Nose on Your Face: The Case for A Nasal (Mucosal) Route of Vaccine Administration for Covid-19 Disease Prevention

Immune Tolerance as the Physiologic Counterpart of Chronic Inflammation

The Role of Type I Interferons in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of COVID-19

Design Concepts of Virus-Like Particle-Based HIV-1 Vaccines

Corrigendum: Akt2 Regulates the Differentiation and Function of NKT17 Cells via FoxO-1-ICOS Axis

Mast Cells in Skin Scarring: A Review of Animal and Human Research

Impact of Age and HIV Status on Immune Activation, Senescence and Apoptosis

Azithromycin Differentially Alters TCR-Activated Helper T Cell Subset Phenotype and Effector Function

Prenatal Endotoxin Exposure Induces Fetal and Neonatal Renal Inflammation via Innate and Th1 Immune Activation in Preterm Pigs

Editorial: Update on Translational Neuroimmunology - Research of ISNI 2018

Protective Functions of Reactive Astrocytes Following Central Nervous System Insult

Longitudinal Analysis of T and B Cell Receptor Repertoire Transcripts Reveal Dynamic Immune Response in COVID-19 Patients

Nanobodies—Useful Tools for Allergy Treatment?

Cytomegalovirus-Mediated T Cell Receptor Repertoire Perturbation Is Present in Early Life

Case Report: Extensive Phosphorylation of Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinase 4 in a Patient With Schnitzler Syndrome

High Abundance of Intratumoral γδ T Cells Favors a Better Prognosis in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Bioinformatic Analysis

Unbiased Profiling Reveals Compartmentalization of Unconventional T-Cells Within the Intestinal Mucosa Irrespective of HIV Infection

Priming Is Dispensable for NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Human Monocytes In Vitro

Increased Regulatory T Cells Precede the Development of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Preterm Infants

Is Herd Immunity Against SARS-CoV-2 a Silver Lining?

Covid-19: Perspectives on Innate Immune Evasion

IgE Epitope Profiling for Allergy Diagnosis and Therapy – Parallel Analysis of a Multitude of Potential Linear Epitopes Using a High Throughput Screening Platform

Combinational Immunotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Radiotherapy, Immune Checkpoint Blockade and Beyond

Hypoxia Promotes Syndecan-3 Expression in the Tumor Microenvironment

A Mucosal Adenovirus Prime/Systemic Envelope Boost Vaccine Regimen Elicits Responses in Cervicovaginal and Alveolar Macrophages of Rhesus Macaques Associated With Delayed SIV Acquisition and B Cell Help

Innate Immune Responses to Acute Viral Infection During Pregnancy

Immune Cell Subtypes and Their Function in the Testis

A Novel Transcript Isoform of TBK1 Negatively Regulates Type I IFN Production by Promoting Proteasomal Degradation of TBK1 and Lysosomal Degradation of IRF3

Inhibition of Fatty Acid–Binding Protein 4 Attenuated Kidney Fibrosis by Mediating Macrophage-to-Myofibroblast Transition

Helper Innate Lymphoid Cells in Allogenic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Graft Versus Host Disease

Interkingdom Cross-Talk in Times of Stress: Salmonella Typhimurium Grown in the Presence of Catecholamines Inhibits Porcine Immune Functionality in vitro

Amelioration of Compound 48/80-Mediated Itch and LL-37-Induced Inflammation by a Single-Stranded Oligonucleotide

Integrated Analysis of Transcriptome and Secretome From Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Reveal New Mechanisms for the Modulation of Inflammation and Immune Activation

Identification of Targets to Redirect CAR T Cells in Glioblastoma and Colorectal Cancer: An Arduous Venture

Molecular and Functional Diversity of Distinct Subpopulations of the Stressed Insulin-Secreting Cell's Vesiculome

Polyfunctional Fc Dependent Activity of Antibodies to Native Trimeric Envelope in HIV Elite Controllers

Combinational PRR Agonists in Liposomal Adjuvant Enhances Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy in a Tuberculosis Subunit Vaccine

Can Beta-2-Adrenergic Pathway Be a New Target to Combat SARS-CoV-2 Hyperinflammatory Syndrome?—Lessons Learned From Cancer

Tenascin-C in Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis

gga-miR-200b-3p Promotes Macrophage Activation and Differentiation via Targeting Monocyte to Macrophage Differentiation-Associated in HD11 Cells

High Metabolic Function and Resilience of NKG2A-Educated NK Cells

Emerging Concepts and Technologies in Vaccine Development

Microglia-Centered Combinatorial Strategies Against Glioblastoma

The Anti-inflammatory Effects of HMGB1 Blockades in a Mouse Model of Cutaneous Vasculitis

Targeting Lipid Rafts—A Potential Therapy for COVID-19

Cluster Analysis of Dry Eye Disease Models Based on Immune Cell Parameters – New Insight Into Therapeutic Perspective

Using Gene Editing Approaches to Fine-Tune the Immune System

Tumor-Secreted GRP78 Promotes the Establishment of a Pre-metastatic Niche in the Liver Microenvironment

Seneca Valley Virus 3C Protease Inhibits Stress Granule Formation by Disrupting eIF4GI-G3BP1 Interaction

Replacement of TCR Dβ With Immunoglobulin DH DSP2.3 Imposes a Tyrosine-Enriched TCR Repertoire and Adversely Affects T Cell Development

In the Crosshairs: RNA Viruses OR Complement?

The Role of Nociceptive Neurons in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis

Induction of Antigen-Specific Tolerance in T Cell Mediated Diseases

Shp1 Loss Enhances Macrophage Effector Function and Promotes Anti-Tumor Immunity

Targeting Hypoxia-A2A Adenosinergic Immunosuppression of Antitumor T Cells During Cancer Immunotherapy

Revisiting the Pathoetiology of Multiple Sclerosis: Has the Tail Been Wagging the Mouse?

Asymptomatic Infant With Atypical SCID and Novel Hypomorphic RAG Variant Identified by Newborn Screening: A Diagnostic and Treatment Dilemma

Downregulation of p53 by Insufficient CTCF in CD4+ T Cells Is an Important Factor Inducing Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease

Immune Correlates of COVID-19 Control

The Helminth Parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus Attenuates EAE in an IL-4Rα-Dependent Manner

Peritumoral Immune Infiltrate as a Prognostic Biomarker in Thin Melanoma

Adult-Onset ANCA-Associated Vasculitis in SAVI: Extension of the Phenotypic Spectrum, Case Report and Review of the Literature

CRISPR/Cas: From Tumor Gene Editing to T Cell-Based Immunotherapy of Cancer

Activated Human Memory B Lymphocytes Use CR4 (CD11c/CD18) for Adhesion, Migration, and Proliferation

Editorial: Cross-Talk Between Inflammation and Barrier Framework at Mucosal Surfaces in the Lung: Implications for Infections and Pathology

Hsa_circ_0060450 Negatively Regulates Type I Interferon-Induced Inflammation by Serving as miR-199a-5p Sponge in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Editorial: Immune-Modulatory Effects of Vitamin D

Increased Macrophages and C1qA, C3, C4 Transcripts in the Midbrain of People With Schizophrenia

When STING Meets Viruses: Sensing, Trafficking and Response

Antimicrobial Peptide Induced-Stress Renders Staphylococcus aureus Susceptible to Toxic Nucleoside Analogs

Alveolar Macrophages Are Key Players in the Modulation of the Respiratory Antiviral Immunity Induced by Orally Administered Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CRL1505

The Role of Microbiota in Neutrophil Regulation and Adaptation in Newborns

Chimeric Virus-Like Particles and Capsomeres Induce Similar CD8+ T Cell Responses but Differ in Capacity to Induce CD4+ T Cell Responses and Antibody Responses

Th1-Dependent Cryptococcus-Associated Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome Model With Brain Damage

A Polysaccharide Purified From Ganoderma lucidum Acts as a Potent Mucosal Adjuvant That Promotes Protective Immunity Against the Lethal Challenge With Enterovirus A71

Flow Cytometry-Based Protocols for the Analysis of Human Plasma Cell Differentiation

Ubiquitin-Specific Peptidase 10 Protects Against Hepatic Ischaemic/Reperfusion Injury via TAK1 Signalling

Angiogenesis-Inflammation Cross Talk in Diabetic Retinopathy: Novel Insights From the Chick Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane/Human Vitreous Platform

Mitochondria Synergize With P2 Receptors to Regulate Human T Cell Function

Lower Circulating Interferon-Gamma Is a Risk Factor for Lung Fibrosis in COVID-19 Patients

Potential Challenges for Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Vaccines Under Trial

Kidney Failure Associates With T Cell Exhaustion and Imbalanced Follicular Helper T Cells

Editorial: Vaccines and Immunostimulants for Finfish

Emerging Roles of Downstream of Kinase 3 in Cell Signaling

Impaired B-Cell Differentiation in a Patient With STAT1 Gain-of-Function Mutation

Aiming for the Sweet Spot: Glyco-Immune Checkpoints and γδ T Cells in Targeted Immunotherapy

The GPR40 Agonist GW9508 Enhances Neutrophil Function to Aid Bacterial Clearance During E. coli Infections

Atherosclerosis Linked to Aberrant Amino Acid Metabolism and Immunosuppressive Amino Acid Catabolizing Enzymes

Antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Stimulate CXCR6+ Natural Killer Cells

An Effective COVID-19 Vaccine Needs to Engage T Cells

Reduction of T Lymphoma Cells and Immunological Invigoration in a Patient Concurrently Affected by Melanoma and Sezary Syndrome Treated With Nivolumab

Epigenetic Control of IFN-γ Host Responses During Infection With Toxoplasma gondii

Inducible Bronchus–Associated Lymphoid Tissue (iBALT) Attenuates Pulmonary Pathology in a Mouse Model of Allergic Airway Disease

Peroxynitrite/PKR Axis Modulates the NLRP3 Inflammasome of Cardiac Fibroblasts

Matrine Inhibits CNS Autoimmunity Through an IFN-β-Dependent Mechanism

Mir-331-3p Inhibits PRRSV-2 Replication and Lung Injury by Targeting PRRSV-2 ORF1b and Porcine TNF-α

Successive Immunization With Epitope-Decreasing Dengue Antigens Induced Conservative Anti-Dengue Immune Responses

Japanese Encephalitis Virus Vaccination Elicits Cross-Reactive HLA-Class I-Restricted CD8 T Cell Response Against Zika Virus Infection

Editorial: Translational Insights Into Mechanisms and Therapy of Organ Dysfunction in Sepsis and Trauma

Airway Natural Killer Cells and Bacteria in Health and Disease

The Involvement of the Chemokine RANTES in Regulating Luminal Acidification in Rat Epididymis

Sphingolipids and Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Organ Damage in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Innate Lymphocytes in Inflammatory Arthritis

Leveraging Endogenous Dendritic Cells to Enhance the Therapeutic Efficacy of Adoptive T-Cell Therapy and Checkpoint Blockade

Mouse Strain-Dependent Difference Toward the Staphylococcus aureus Allergen Serine Protease-Like Protein D Reveals a Novel Regulator of IL-33

Insights Into Type I and III Interferons in Asthma and Exacerbations

Probiotics in Medicine: A Long Debate

Immunomodulatory Effects of Diterpenes and Their Derivatives Through NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway: A Review

The Long Non-coding RNAs: Paramount Regulators of the NLRP3 Inflammasome

The Effect of Rev-erbα Agonist SR9011 on the Immune Response and Cell Metabolism of Microglia

The Signature Amino Acid Residue Serine 31 of HIV-1C Tat Potentiates an Activated Phenotype in Endothelial Cells

Control of Gut Inflammation by Modulation of Purinergic Signaling

Inflammation, Thrombosis, and Destruction: The Three-Headed Cerberus of Trauma- and SARS-CoV-2-Induced ARDS

SOCS Proteins Participate in the Regulation of Innate Immune Response Caused by Viruses

4C3 Human Monoclonal Antibody: A Proof of Concept for Non-pathogenic Proteinase 3 Anti-neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies in Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis

Cellular Signaling Pathways in Medium and Large Vessel Vasculitis

Autoantibodies Against the Immunodominant Bullous Pemphigoid Epitopes Are Rare in Patients With Dermatitis Herpetiformis and Coeliac Disease

Theta-Defensins Inhibit High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection Through Charge-Driven Capsid Clustering

Clinical Grade Production of Wilms’ Tumor-1 Loaded Cord Blood-Derived Dendritic Cells to Prevent Relapse in Pediatric AML After Cord Blood Transplantation

Memory-Like Responses of Brain Microglia Are Controlled by Developmental State and Pathogen Dose

Expression of TAM-R in Human Immune Cells and Unique Regulatory Function of MerTK in IL-10 Production by Tolerogenic DC

Paradoxical Roles of the MAL/Tirap Adaptor in Pathologies

Diminished Frequencies of Cytotoxic Marker Expressing T- and NK Cells at the Site of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

Pathomechanisms of Autoimmune Based Testicular Inflammation

Small Molecule NF-κB Inhibitors as Immune Potentiators for Enhancement of Vaccine Adjuvants

Type 1 Interferon Gene Signature Promotes RBC Alloimmunization in a Lupus Mouse Model

Trichinella spiralis Thioredoxin Peroxidase 2 Regulates Protective Th2 Immune Response in Mice by Directly Inducing Alternatively Activated Macrophages

Systemic Regulatory T Cells and IL-6 as Prognostic Factors for Anatomical Improvement of Uveitic Macular Edema

Candida Administration Worsens Cecal Ligation and Puncture-Induced Sepsis in Obese Mice Through Gut Dysbiosis Enhanced Systemic Inflammation, Impact of Pathogen-Associated Molecules From Gut Translocation and Saturated Fatty Acid

Maresin-1 and Resolvin E1 Promote Regenerative Properties of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells Under Inflammatory Conditions

Perspective: The Potential Effects of Naringenin in COVID-19

Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cell 2 R47H Exacerbates Immune Response in Alzheimer’s Disease Brain

A Holistic View of Berberine Inhibiting Intestinal Carcinogenesis in Conventional Mice Based on Microbiome-Metabolomics Analysis

Impact of Persistent Anemia on Systemic Inflammation and Tuberculosis Outcomes in Persons Living With HIV

The Neutrophil: Constant Defender and First Responder

A Systemic Prime–Intrarectal Pull Strategy Raises Rectum-Resident CD8+ T Cells for Effective Protection in a Murine Model of LM-OVA Infection

Decreased Frequency of Intestinal CD39+ γδ+ T Cells With Tissue-Resident Memory Phenotype in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Prokineticin Receptor Inhibition With PC1 Protects Mouse Primary Sensory Neurons From Neurotoxic Effects of Chemotherapeutic Drugs in vitro

The Dynamics of the Ferret Immune Response During H7N9 Influenza Virus Infection

IDO Expression in Cancer: Different Compartment, Different Functionality?

IL-10-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms Are Involved in the Cardiac Pathology Modulation Mediated by Fenofibrate in an Experimental Model of Chagas Heart Disease

Elucidation of the Signatures of Proteasome-Catalyzed Peptide Splicing

Hyper-Inflammatory Monocyte Activation Following Endotoxin Exposure in Food Allergic Infants

Oxidative DNA Damage Accelerates Skin Inflammation in Pristane-Induced Lupus Model

Kinetics of CD4+ T Helper and CD8+ Effector T Cell Responses in Acute Dengue Patients

Neutrophil: A New Player in Metastatic Cancers

COVID-19: In the Eye of the Cytokine Storm

Comparison of Bead-Based Fluorescence Versus Planar Electrochemiluminescence Multiplex Immunoassays for Measuring Cytokines in Human Plasma

Complement-Mediated Microglial Phagocytosis and Pathological Changes in the Development and Degeneration of the Visual System

The Human-Specific STING Agonist G10 Activates Type I Interferon and the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Porcine Cells

Airborne Particulate Matter and SARS-CoV-2 Partnership: Virus Hitchhiking, Stabilization and Immune Cell Targeting — A Hypothesis

Natalizumab in Multiple Sclerosis Treatment: From Biological Effects to Immune Monitoring

Autoimmune Hepatitis: Tolerogenic Immunological State During Pregnancy and Immune Escape in Post-partum

Local and Systemic Concentrations of Pattern Recognition Receptors of the Lectin Pathway of Complement in a Cohort of Patients With Interstitial Lung Diseases

Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Autoimmune Pathogenesis

Investigating Immunization With Nucleotide Enzymes of Schistosoma mansoni: Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase and Adenylosuccinate Lyase as New Antigenic Targets Against Schistosomiasis

Vaccine Adjuvants Differentially Affect Kinetics of Antibody and Germinal Center Responses

Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 as Target for CAR-T-Cell Therapy of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

The Next Frontier of Regulatory T Cells: Promising Immunotherapy for Autoimmune Diseases and Organ Transplantations

Mediation of Mucosal Immunoglobulins in Buccal Cavity of Teleost in Antibacterial Immunity

Low-Dose LPS Induces Tolerogenic Treg Skewing in Asthma

Hsp65-Producing Lactococcocus lactis Prevents Antigen-Induced Arthritis in Mice

Increased Serum Levels of sCD14 and sCD163 Indicate a Preponderant Role for Monocytes in COVID-19 Immunopathology

A Neonatal Murine Escherichia coli Sepsis Model Demonstrates That Adjunctive Pentoxifylline Enhances the Ratio of Anti- vs. Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in Blood and Organ Tissues

A Novel Framework for Characterizing Genomic Haplotype Diversity in the Human Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Locus

Detection of Proximal Tubule Involvement by BK Polyomavirus in Kidney Transplant Recipients With Urinary Sediment Double-Immunostaining

Tick Salivary Compounds for Targeted Immunomodulatory Therapy

Galectin-3 as a Therapeutic Target for NSAID-Induced Intestinal Ulcers

Adipocyte Ceramides—The Nexus of Inflammation and Metabolic Disease

Low-Zone IL-2 Signaling: Fusion Proteins Containing Linked CD25 and IL-2 Domains Sustain Tolerogenic Vaccination in vivo and Promote Dominance of FOXP3+ Tregs in vitro

Characterization of Surface Receptor Expression and Cytotoxicity of Human NK Cells and NK Cell Subsets in Overweight and Obese Humans

The Emerging Role of Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells in the Immunological Pathophysiology of Lupus Nephritis

Convalescent Plasma: The Relay Baton in the Race for Coronavirus Disease 2019 Treatment

Adenovirus 7 Induces Interlukin-6 Expression in Human Airway Epithelial Cells via p38/NF-κB Signaling Pathway

Revisiting T Cell Tolerance as a Checkpoint Target for Cancer Immunotherapy

Human Liver Macrophage Subsets Defined by CD32

Association of Clinical Phenotypes in Haploinsufficiency A20 (HA20) With Disrupted Domains of A20

Gene Expression in Spontaneous Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Is Linked to Human Multiple Sclerosis Risk Genes

The Evolving Landscape of PD-1/PD-L1 Pathway in Head and Neck Cancer

CNS Macrophages and Infant Infections

MicroRNAs of Human Herpesvirus 6A and 6B in Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid of Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Familial Mediterranean Fever and COVID-19: Friends or Foes?

Mast Cells in Alveolar Septa of COVID-19 Patients: A Pathogenic Pathway That May Link Interstitial Edema to Immunothrombosis

Colorectal Cancer Immunotherapy: Options and Strategies

Glucocorticoids Regulate Circadian Rhythm of Innate and Adaptive Immunity

Human Chondrocyte Activation by Toxins From Premolis semirufa, an Amazon Rainforest Moth Caterpillar: Identifying an Osteoarthritis Signature

Macrophage TLR4 and PAR2 Signaling: Role in Regulating Vascular Inflammatory Injury and Repair

β-Arrestin1 and β-Arrestin2 Are Required to Support the Activity of the CXCL12/HMGB1 Heterocomplex on CXCR4

CD4+ T Cell Defects in a Mulibrey Patient With Specific TRIM37 Mutations

Eosinophils Control Liver Damage by Modulating Immune Responses Against Fasciola hepatica

Communications Between Peripheral and the Brain-Resident Immune System in Neuronal Regeneration After Stroke

Strategies for Targeting SARS CoV-2: Small Molecule Inhibitors—The Current Status

Chemokines in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis

Hip Fracture Leads to Transitory Immune Imprint in Older Patients

Cell-Free Therapies: Novel Approaches for COVID-19

Transcriptome Profiling of Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages Upon CCL2 Neutralization Reveals an Association Between Activation of Innate Immune Pathways and Restriction of HIV-1 Gene Expression

Mumps Outbreaks in Vaccinated Populations—Is It Time to Re-assess the Clinical Efficacy of Vaccines?

Matrix Metalloproteinase-12 Is Required for Granuloma Progression

Platelets and Their Role in the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Whole Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Heterogeneity in B Cell Memory Populations in Patients With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis-Associated Uveitis

Costimulation Blockade in Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation

Live Imaging of Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses in the Liver

Single-Center Overview of Pediatric Monogenic Autoinflammatory Diseases in the Past Decade: A Summary and Beyond

Immunopathogenesis of COVID-19: Summary and Possible Interventions

Scaffolding LSD1 Inhibitors Impair NK Cell Metabolism and Cytotoxic Function Through Depletion of Glutathione

Innate Inspiration: Antifungal Peptides and Other Immunotherapeutics From the Host Immune Response

Biomarkers and Diagnostic Testing for Renal Disease in Sjogren's Syndrome

CXCL4 Links Inflammation and Fibrosis by Reprogramming Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells in vitro

Blocking of the High-Affinity Interaction-Synapse Between SARS-CoV-2 Spike and Human ACE2 Proteins Likely Requires Multiple High-Affinity Antibodies: An Immune Perspective

A Double Edged Sword Role of Interleukin-22 in Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration

Editorial: The Role of the Gut Microbiota in Health and Inflammatory Diseases

Immunomodulation and Immune Escape Strategies of Gastrointestinal Helminths and Schistosomes

Flow Cytometric Analyses of Lymphocyte Markers in Immune Oncology: A Comprehensive Guidance for Validation Practice According to Laws and Standards

Immunobiotic Lactobacillus jensenii TL2937 Alleviates Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis by Differentially Modulating the Transcriptomic Response of Intestinal Epithelial Cells

The Emerging Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) in Tumor Progression and Metastasis

Staphylococcus epidermidis Boosts Innate Immune Response by Activation of Gamma Delta T Cells and Induction of Perforin-2 in Human Skin

Bacteria That Cause Enteric Diseases Stimulate Distinct Humoral Immune Responses

Postnatal Expansion, Maturation, and Functionality of MR1T Cells in Humans

Identification of a Newly Conserved SLA-II Epitope in a Structural Protein of Swine Influenza Virus

Management of PTLD After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Immunological Perspectives

Gut Microbiota-Dependent Trimethylamine N-Oxide Associates With Inflammation in Common Variable Immunodeficiency

Impact of Gallic Acid on Gut Health: Focus on the Gut Microbiome, Immune Response, and Mechanisms of Action

Editorial: Autoantibodies in Kidney Diseases

Plant-Derived Trimeric CO-26K-Equivalent Epitope Induced Neutralizing Antibodies Against Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus

Thrombomodulin as a Physiological Modulator of Intravascular Injury

Impact of Helminth Infection on Metabolic and Immune Homeostasis in Non-diabetic Obesity

Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin and Cancer: Th2-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms

The TLR4-MyD88 Signaling Axis Regulates Lung Monocyte Differentiation Pathways in Response to Streptococcus pneumoniae

Pro-tumor γδ T Cells in Human Cancer: Polarization, Mechanisms of Action, and Implications for Therapy

Challenges for the Newborn Following Influenza Virus Infection and Prospects for an Effective Vaccine

Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy: Glomerular Pathological Pattern Caused by Extrarenal Immunity Activity

G-CSF and G-CSFR Modulate CD4 and CD8 T Cell Responses to Promote Colon Tumor Growth and Are Potential Therapeutic Targets

Commentary: APOE e4 Genotype Predicts Severe COVID-19 in the UK Biobank Community Cohort

Sarcoidosis Epidemiology: Race Matters

Centrally Acting Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Suppresses Type I Interferon Responses and Decreases Inflammation in the Periphery and the CNS in Lupus-Prone Mice

Confirmation and Identification of Biomarkers Implicating Environmental Triggers in the Pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes

Construction of a Prognostic Immune Signature for Squamous-Cell Lung Cancer to Predict Survival

Astragalin Attenuates Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-Induced Acute Experimental Colitis by Alleviating Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Inhibiting NF-κB Activation in Mice

Molecular Insights Into Regulatory T-Cell Adaptation to Self, Environment, and Host Tissues: Plasticity or Loss of Function in Autoimmune Disease

The Immunoregulatory Role of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Immune Functions of Erythrocytes in Osteichthyes

Role of Gate-16 and Gabarap in Prevention of Caspase-11-Dependent Excess Inflammation and Lethal Endotoxic Shock

Rapidly Exacerbating Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Together With Marked Cytokine Storm Triggered by Pneumonia Infection: A Case Report

Animal Models of Cryptococcus neoformans in Identifying Immune Parameters Associated With Primary Infection and Reactivation of Latent Infection

Administration of Extensive Hydrolysates From Caseins and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Probiotic Does Not Prevent Cow’s Milk Proteins Allergy in a Mouse Model

Attenuated P. falciparum Parasite Shows Cytokine Variations in Humanized Mice

Regulation of RLR-Mediated Antiviral Responses of Human Dendritic Cells by mTOR

Therapeutic Cytokine Inhibition Modulates Activation and Homing Receptors of Peripheral Memory B Cell Subsets in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

Induction Phase of Spontaneous Liver Transplant Tolerance

Inhibition of Bcl2L12 Attenuates Eosinophilia-Related Inflammation in the Heart

Therapeutic Potential of Targeting Malt1-Dependent TCR Downstream Signaling to Promote the Survival of MHC-Mismatched Allografts

Antigenic Variability

CD160 Plays a Protective Role During Chronic Infection by Enhancing Both Functionalities and Proliferative Capacity of CD8+ T Cells

Respiratory Syncytial Virus F Subunit Vaccine With AS02 Adjuvant Elicits Balanced, Robust Humoral and Cellular Immunity in BALB/c Mice

Preimmune Control of the Variance of TCR CDR-B3: Insights Gained From Germline Replacement of a TCR Dβ Gene Segment With an Ig DH Gene Segment

What Can Parasites Tell Us About the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Asthma and Allergic Diseases

Inhibition of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Impairs Anti-staphylococcal Immune Function in a Preclinical Model of Implant Infection

The Genetic Mechanisms Driving Diversification of the KIR Gene Cluster in Primates

Adenylate Cyclase Toxin Tinkering With Monocyte-Macrophage Differentiation

Gut Ischemia Reperfusion Injury Induces Lung Inflammation via Mesenteric Lymph-Mediated Neutrophil Activation

STAT1 Isoforms Differentially Regulate NK Cell Maturation and Anti-tumor Activity

Mucosal CD8 T Cell Responses Are Shaped by Batf3-DC After Foodborne Listeria monocytogenes Infection

NK and T Cell Differentiation at the Maternal-Fetal Interface in Sows During Late Gestation

Transcriptional Profiling Uncovers Human Hyalocytes as a Unique Innate Immune Cell Population

Passive Immunization Delays Disease Outcome in Gilthead Sea Bream Infected With Enteromyxum leei (Myxozoa), Despite the Moderate Changes in IgM and IgT Repertoire

Links Between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

TNF-Receptor-Associated Factor 3 in Litopenaeus vannamei Restricts White Spot Syndrome Virus Infection Through the IRF-Vago Antiviral Pathway

CD4+ T Cells Mediate the Development of Liver Fibrosis in High Fat Diet-Induced NAFLD in Humanized Mice

Surfing on Membrane Waves: Microvilli, Curved Membranes, and Immune Signaling

miRNAs Predicted to Regulate Host Anti-viral Gene Pathways in IPNV-Challenged Atlantic Salmon Fry Are Affected by Viral Load, and Associated With the Major IPN Resistance QTL Genotypes in Late Infection

Update on Transplacental Transfer of IgG Subclasses: Impact of Maternal and Fetal Factors

Comparative Review of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and Influenza A Respiratory Viruses

hUCMSCs Mitigate LPS-Induced Trained Immunity in Ischemic Stroke

Immunogenicity and Toxicity of Different Adjuvants Can Be Characterized by Profiling Lung Biomarker Genes After Nasal Immunization

Dynamic and Differential Expression of Duplicated Cxcr4/Cxcl12 Genes Facilitates Antiviral Response in Hexaploid Gibel Carp

Case Report: Hyper IgM Syndrome Identified by Whole Genome Sequencing in a Young Syrian Man Presenting With Atypical, Severe and Recurrent Mucosal Leishmaniasis

Corrigendum: The Extracts of Morinda officinalis and Its Hairy Roots Attenuate Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Chronic Ulcerative Colitis in Mice by Regulating Inflammation and Lymphocyte Apoptosis

COVID-19: Infection or Autoimmunity

NK Cell Activity and CD57+/NKG2Chigh Phenotype Are Increased in Men Who Have Sex With Men at High Risk for HIV

Editorial: Phagocytosis: Molecular Mechanisms and Physiological Implications

Dynamic Changes in the Phenotype of Dendritic Cells in the Uterus and Uterine Draining Lymph Nodes After Coitus

TLT2 Suppresses Th1 Response by Promoting IL-6 Production in Monocyte Through JAK/STAT3 Signal Pathway in Tuberculosis

Anti-inflammatory and Neuroprotective Agents in Clinical Trials for CNS Disease and Injury: Where Do We Go From Here?

Editorial: Sentinel CLECs at Immunological Decision Nodes

Female Gut and Genital Tract Microbiota-Induced Crosstalk and Differential Effects of Short-Chain Fatty Acids on Immune Sequelae

Topographical Distribution and Spatial Interactions of Innate and Semi-Innate Immune Cells in Pancreatic and Other Periampullary Adenocarcinoma

Diurnal Rhythmicity Programs of Microbiota and Transcriptional Oscillation of Circadian Regulator, NFIL3

The Regulation of Exosome-Derived miRNA on Heterogeneity of Macrophages in Atherosclerotic Plaques

Fecal Metabolites Were Altered, Identified as Biomarkers and Correlated With Disease Activity in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a GC-MS-Based Metabolomics Study

Innate Immune Mechanisms to Protect Against Infection at the Human Decidual-Placental Interface

Clinical Implications of Aberrant PD-1 and CTLA4 Expression for Cancer Immunity and Prognosis: A Pan-Cancer Study

B Cell Subsets and Cellular Signatures and Disease Relapse in Lupus Nephritis

Reconstituting NK Cells After Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation Show Impaired Response to the Fungal Pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus

Genome-Wide Characterization of Host Transcriptional and Epigenetic Alterations During HIV Infection of T Lymphocytes

Galectin-3 in Prostate Cancer Stem-Like Cells Is Immunosuppressive and Drives Early Metastasis

Current Understanding of Natural Antibodies and Exploring the Possibilities of Modulation Using Veterinary Models. A Review

Salmonid Alphavirus Subtype 3 Induces Prolonged Local B Cell Responses in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) After Intraperitoneal Infection

How C-Reactive Protein Structural Isoforms With Distinctive Bioactivities Affect Disease Progression

Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and Their Prognostic Value in Cutaneous Melanoma

Neurological Damage by Coronaviruses: A Catastrophe in the Queue!

The Potential of Clinical Decision Support Systems for Prevention, Diagnosis, and Monitoring of Allergic Diseases

Corrigendum: Polymorphisms in Genes Affecting Interferon-γ Production and Th1 T Cell Differentiation Are Associated With Progression to Chagas Disease Cardiomyopathy

Editorial: Intravital Microscopy Imaging of Leukocytes

Non-human Primate Determinants of Natural Killer Cells in Tissues at Steady-State and During Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Diagnosis for Latent Tuberculosis Infection: New Alternatives

Human Cytomegalovirus-Induced Interleukin-10 Production Promotes the Proliferation of Mycobacterium massiliense in Macrophages

Increased Glycated Hemoglobin Levels in Patients With Helicobacter pylori Infection Are Associated With the Grading of Chronic Gastritis

α-Defensins Promote Bacteroides Colonization on Mucosal Reservoir to Prevent Antibiotic-Induced Dysbiosis

Transcriptome Analysis Revealed Inflammation Is Involved in the Impairment of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells Induced by Post-hemorrhagic Shock Mesenteric Lymph

Immune Effects of γδ T Cells in Colorectal Cancer: A Review

Effective Nanoparticle-Based Nasal Vaccine Against Latent and Congenital Toxoplasmosis in Sheep

The Role of MicroRNAs in Development and Function of Regulatory T Cells – Lessons for a Better Understanding of MicroRNA Biology

Corrigendum: Leishmania-Specific Promiscuous Membrane Protein Tubulin Folding Cofactor D Divulges Th1/Th2 Polarization in the Host via ERK-1/2 and p38 MAPK Signaling Cascade

Probing Reconstituted Human Immune Systems in Mice With Oncogenic γ-Herpesvirus Infections

Exosomes in Sepsis

Monitoring Anti-tuberculosis Treatment Response Using Analysis of Whole Blood Mycobacterium tuberculosis Specific T Cell Activation and Functional Markers

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) Interacts With IL-2 Receptor Beta (IL-2Rβ): Its Potential to Enhance the Proliferation of CD4+ T Lymphocytes in Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

Mycoplasma genitalium Protein of Adhesion Induces Inflammatory Cytokines via Cyclophilin A-CD147 Activating the ERK-NF-κB Pathway in Human Urothelial Cells

Toward a Membrane-Centric Biology

Influence of Experimental Autoimmune Prostatitis on Sexual Function and the Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Celecoxib in a Rat Model

Editorial: The Role of HMGB1 in Immunity

Advancing Immunotherapeutic Vaccine Strategies Against Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Role of the Intracellular Sodium Homeostasis in Chemotaxis of Activated Murine Neutrophils

The Tumor Milieu Promotes Functional Human Tumor-Resident Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Humanized Mouse Models

MAIT Cells Display a Specific Response to Type 1 IFN Underlying the Adjuvant Effect of TLR7/8 Ligands

Editorial: The Role of Oxidative Stress, Epigenetics and Non-coding RNA in Regulating Trained Immunity

The Immunologic Effect of Early Intravenous Two and Four Gram Bolus Dosing of Tranexamic Acid Compared to Placebo in Patients With Severe Traumatic Bleeding (TAMPITI): A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Single-Center Trial

Semaphorin 4D Induces an Imbalance of Th17/Treg Cells by Activating the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Ankylosing Spondylitis

Is There a Role for Basophils in Cancer?

Editorial: Death Receptors, Non-apoptotic Signaling Pathways and Inflammation

Modulation of Cell Surface Receptor Expression by Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara in Leukocytes of Healthy and HIV-Infected Individuals

Interstitial Lung Disease in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis: Toward Personalized-Medicine-Based Prediction and Drug Screening Models of Systemic Sclerosis-Related Interstitial Lung Disease (SSc-ILD)

Mitigating Coronavirus Induced Dysfunctional Immunity for At-Risk Populations in COVID-19: Trained Immunity, BCG and “New Old Friends”

Mucins in Intestinal Mucosal Defense and Inflammation: Learning From Clinical and Experimental Studies

Urinary Proteomics Identifying Novel Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Adult-Onset Still’s Disease

HMGB1 Promotes Myeloid Egress and Limits Lymphatic Clearance of Malignant Pleural Effusions

Treatment With FoxP3+ Antigen-Experienced T Regulatory Cells Arrests Progressive Retinal Damage in a Spontaneous Model of Uveitis

Polymorphisms in Inflammatory Genes Modulate Clinical Complications in Patients With Sickle Cell Disease

The Atlantic Salmon Gill Transcriptome Response in a Natural Outbreak of Salmon Gill Pox Virus Infection Reveals New Biomarkers of Gill Pathology and Suppression of Mucosal Defense

A Race Against Time—Changing the Natural History of CRIM Negative Infantile Pompe Disease

Mechanisms of M2 Macrophage-Derived Exosomal Long Non-coding RNA PVT1 in Regulating Th17 Cell Response in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitisa

Externally-Controlled Systems for Immunotherapy: From Bench to Bedside

Distinct Clinical Features and Novel Mutations in Taiwanese Patients With X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia

CD226 Deletion Reduces Type 1 Diabetes in the NOD Mouse by Impairing Thymocyte Development and Peripheral T Cell Activation

Tumor-Derived cGAMP Regulates Activation of the Vasculature

Variations in SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Cell Epitopes and Glycosylation Profiles During Global Transmission Course of COVID-19

Monogenic Inflammatory Bowel Disease: It's Never Too Late to Make a Diagnosis

Corrigendum: FB5P-seq: FACS-Based 5-Prime End Single-Cell RNA-seq for Integrative Analysis of Transcriptome and Antigen Receptor Repertoire in B and T Cells

In vivo Induction of Functional Inhibitory IgG Antibodies by a Hypoallergenic Bet v 1 Variant

Clinical Utility of Serial Measurements of Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies Targeting Proteinase 3 in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis

Association Between Galactose-Deficient IgA1 Derived From the Tonsils and Recurrence of IgA Nephropathy in Patients Who Underwent Kidney Transplantation

Identification of an Immune Signature Predicting Prognosis Risk and Lymphocyte Infiltration in Colon Cancer

Harnessing Unconventional T Cells for Immunotherapy of Tuberculosis

Identification of Novel Candidate Epitopes on SARS-CoV-2 Proteins for South America: A Review of HLA Frequencies by Country

Clinical-Pathological Features and Outcome of Atypical Anti-glomerular Basement Membrane Disease in a Large Single Cohort

Inhibitory Receptors and Checkpoints in Human NK Cells, Implications for the Immunotherapy of Cancer

Pharmacological Inhibition of Amyloidogenic APP Processing and Knock-Down of APP in Primary Human Macrophages Impairs the Secretion of Cytokines

Association of MBL2 Exon 1 Polymorphisms With Multibacillary Leprosy

HPV Induces Changes in Innate Immune and Adhesion Molecule Markers in Cervical Mucosa With Potential Impact on HIV Infection

Viral Emerging Diseases: Challenges in Developing Vaccination Strategies

Conventional Treatment for Multiple Myeloma Drives Premature Aging Phenotypes and Metabolic Dysfunction in T Cells

TCR Redirected T Cells for Cancer Treatment: Achievements, Hurdles, and Goals

Editorial: Early Life Origins of Immune-Mediated Disease

Amelioration of Autoimmune Diabetes of NOD Mice by Immunomodulating Probiotics

Discovery of Novel Type II Bacteriocins Using a New High-Dimensional Bioinformatic Algorithm

Quantification of Factor H Mediated Self vs. Non-self Discrimination by Mathematical Modeling

Analyzing One Cell at a TIME: Analysis of Myeloid Cell Contributions in the Tumor Immune Microenvironment

Oxidative Stress in Ozone-Induced Chronic Lung Inflammation and Emphysema: A Facet of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Corrigendum: Cost-Effective, Safe, and Personalized Cell Therapy for Critical Limb Ischemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Plasticity in Pro- and Anti-tumor Activity of Neutrophils: Shifting the Balance

Cytokine Storm in COVID-19: “When You Come Out of the Storm, You Won’t Be the Same Person Who Walked in”

Covering All the Bases: Complementary MR1 Antigen Presentation Pathways Sample Diverse Antigens and Intracellular Compartments

Scientific Rationale for a Bottom-Up Approach to Target the Host Response in Order to Try and Reduce the Numbers Presenting With Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome Associated With COVID-19. Is There a Role for Statins and COX-2 Inhibitors in the Prevention and Early Treatment of the Disease?

Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratios Are Closely Associated With the Severity and Course of Non-mild COVID-19

Heterologous Boosting With Listeria-Based Recombinant Strains in BCG-Primed Mice Improved Protection Against Pulmonary Mycobacterial Infection

Antibacterial Fusion Proteins Enhance Moraxella catarrhalis Killing

Transcriptional Profiling of CD8+ CMV-Specific T Cell Functional Subsets Obtained Using a Modified Method for Isolating High-Quality RNA From Fixed and Permeabilized Cells

HGF-MET Signaling Shifts M1 Macrophages Toward an M2-Like Phenotype Through PI3K-Mediated Induction of Arginase-1 Expression

The Immunological Basis of Liver Allograft Rejection

Complement C5a Induces Pro-inflammatory Microvesicle Shedding in Severely Injured Patients

CAR T-Cell Cancer Therapy Targeting Surface Cancer/Testis Antigens

Cyberlindnera jadinii Yeast as a Protein Source for Weaned Piglets—Impact on Immune Response and Gut Microbiota

Influence of KIR and NK Cell Reconstitution in the Outcomes of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Cognition Is Associated With Peripheral Immune Molecules in Healthy Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

Tristetraprolin Overexpression in Non-hematopoietic Cells Protects Against Acute Lung Injury in Mice

“Re-educating” Tumor Associated Macrophages as a Novel Immunotherapy Strategy for Neuroblastoma

Epigenomics and Early Life Human Humoral Immunity: Novel Paradigms and Research Opportunities

Antimicrobial Peptides as Potential Antiviral Factors in Insect Antiviral Immune Response

Association of Glomerular Complement C4c Deposition With the Progression of Diabetic Kidney Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

The Ubiquitin E3 Ligase Parkin Inhibits Innate Antiviral Immunity Through K48-Linked Polyubiquitination of RIG-I and MDA5

Genetic Loss of LCK Kinase Leads to Acceleration of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Metabolic Optimisation of Regulatory T Cells in Transplantation

The Thymus in Chagas Disease: Molecular Interactions Involved in Abnormal T-Cell Migration and Differentiation

RvE1 Attenuates Polymicrobial Sepsis-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction and Enhances Bacterial Clearance

Structural Aspects of the Allergen-Antibody Interaction

The Small GTPase Rab5c Exerts Bi-Function in Singapore Grouper Iridovirus Infections and Cellular Responses in the Grouper, Epinephelus coioides

Fasciola hepatica-Derived Molecules as Regulators of the Host Immune Response

Intestinal Barrier Breakdown and Mucosal Microbiota Disturbance in Neuromyelitis Optical Spectrum Disorders

The Dual Role of Antimicrobial Peptides in Autoimmunity

Microtopography of Immune Cells in Osteoporosis and Bone Lesions by Endocrine Disruptors

Obesity Accelerates Age Defects in Mouse and Human B Cells

β3-Adrenoceptors as Putative Regulator of Immune Tolerance in Cancer and Pregnancy

Antigen-Specific CD4+ T Cells Exhibit Distinct Kinetic and Phenotypic Patterns During Primary and Secondary Responses to Infection

Enhancing the Detection of Brucella-Specific CD4+ T Cell Responses in Cattle via in vitro Antigenic Expansion and Restimulation

Zika Induces Human Placental Damage and Inflammation

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Structural Aspects of the Allergen-Antibody Interaction

Content Provider	frontiers
Author	Pomés, Anna Mueller, Geoffrey A. Chruszcz, Maksymilian
Abstract	The development of allergic disease involves the production of IgE antibodies upon allergen exposure in a process called sensitization. IgE binds to receptors on the surface of mast cells and basophils, and subsequent allergen exposure leads to cross-linking of IgE antibodies and release of cell mediators that cause allergy symptoms. Although this process is quite well understood, very little is known about the epitopes on the allergen recognized by IgE, despite the importance of the allergen-antibody interaction for the allergic response to occur. This review discusses efforts to analyze allergen-antibody interactions, from the original epitope mapping studies using linear peptides or recombinant allergen fragments, to more sophisticated technologies, such as X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance. These state-of-the-art approaches, combined with site-directed mutagenesis, have led to the identification of conformational IgE epitopes. The first structures of an allergen (egg lysozyme) in complex with Fab fragments from IgG antibodies were determined in the 1980s. Since then, IgG has been used as surrogate for IgE, due to the difficulty of obtaining monoclonal IgE antibodies. Technical developments including phage display libraries have contributed to progress in epitope mapping thanks to the isolation of IgE antibody constructs from combinatorial libraries made from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of allergic donors. Most recently, single B cell antibody sequencing and human hybridomas are new breakthrough technologies for finally obtaining human IgE monoclonal antibodies, ideal for epitope mapping. The information on antigenic determinants will facilitate the design of hypoallergens for immunotherapy and the investigation of the fundamental mechanisms of the IgE response.
ISSN	16643224
DOI	10.3389/fimmu.2020.02067
Volume Number	11
Journal	Frontiers in Immunology
Language	English
Publisher Date	2020-09-02
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	IgE antibody Allergen Mass Spectrometry Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Cryo-electron microscopy X-ray crystallography Allergy Structure
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Immunology and Allergy Immunology

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