Please wait, while we are loading the content...
Please wait, while we are loading the content...
| Content Provider | frontiers |
|---|---|
| Author | Fröhlich, Eleonore Loizou, George D. |
| Abstract | Ethical guidelines in animal experimentation were defined as early as 1831 by the British psychologist Marshall Hall (1). The first concept of the 3Rs, which stands for replacement, reduction and refinement of animal studies, was presented in 1957 at the Universities Federal of Animal Welfare (UFAW) Symposium. An important step in the implementation of the concept in the member states was achieved by the adoption of the European Directive 2010/63/EU on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes in September 2010. It is a legal obligation, to apply the 3Rs in all aspects of the care and use of animals (https://ec.europa.eu/environment/chemicals/lab_animals/index_en.htm). Its content is similar to existing guidelines in numerous countries worldwide. The 3Rs comprise a spectrum of very different strategies, ultimately resulting in the full replacement of animals in research and toxicological evaluation with human volunteer studies, tissues and established cell lines, and mathematical and computer models (2). Partial replacement is achieved by using animals that, based on current scientific thinking, are not considered capable of experiencing suffering (e.g. bacteria, fungi, drosophila, nematode worms and embryonic and fetal forms of vertebrates). Reduction aims to achieve the best statistically significant result with the least number of animals by choosing an appropriate testing method and a properly designed study protocol. It also includes methods to maximize k... |
| ISSN | 16639812 |
| DOI | 10.3389/fphar.2023.1200965 |
| Volume Number | 14 |
| Journal | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
| Language | English |
| Publisher Date | 2023-04-17 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Physiologically-based kinetic (PBK) models Refinement Machine learning Reduction Replacement |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Pharmacology Pharmacology (medical) |
National Digital Library of India (NDLI) is a virtual repository of learning resources which is not just a repository with search/browse facilities but provides a host of services for the learner community. It is sponsored and mentored by Ministry of Education, Government of India, through its National Mission on Education through Information and Communication Technology (NMEICT). Filtered and federated searching is employed to facilitate focused searching so that learners can find the right resource with least effort and in minimum time. NDLI provides user group-specific services such as Examination Preparatory for School and College students and job aspirants. Services for Researchers and general learners are also provided. NDLI is designed to hold content of any language and provides interface support for 10 most widely used Indian languages. It is built to provide support for all academic levels including researchers and life-long learners, all disciplines, all popular forms of access devices and differently-abled learners. It is designed to enable people to learn and prepare from best practices from all over the world and to facilitate researchers to perform inter-linked exploration from multiple sources. It is developed, operated and maintained from Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur.
Learn more about this project from here.
NDLI is a conglomeration of freely available or institutionally contributed or donated or publisher managed contents. Almost all these contents are hosted and accessed from respective sources. The responsibility for authenticity, relevance, completeness, accuracy, reliability and suitability of these contents rests with the respective organization and NDLI has no responsibility or liability for these. Every effort is made to keep the NDLI portal up and running smoothly unless there are some unavoidable technical issues.
Ministry of Education, through its National Mission on Education through Information and Communication Technology (NMEICT), has sponsored and funded the National Digital Library of India (NDLI) project.
| Sl. | Authority | Responsibilities | Communication Details |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education |
Sanctioning Authority | https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives |
| 2 | Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur | Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project | https://www.iitkgp.ac.in |
| 3 | National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur | The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project | Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in |
| 4 | Project PI / Joint PI | Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project |
Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon |
| 5 | Website/Portal (Helpdesk) | Queries regarding NDLI and its services | support@ndl.gov.in |
| 6 | Contents and Copyright Issues | Queries related to content curation and copyright issues | content@ndl.gov.in |
| 7 | National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club) | Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach | clubsupport@ndl.gov.in |
| 8 | Digital Preservation Centre (DPC) | Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books | dpc@ndl.gov.in |
| 9 | IDR Setup or Support | Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops | idr@ndl.gov.in |
|
Loading...
|