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Safer and Sustainable-by-Design Hydroxyapatite Nanobiomaterials for Biomedical Applications: Assessment of Environmental Hazards.
| Content Provider | Europe PMC |
|---|---|
| Author | Gomes, Susana I. L. Guimarães, Bruno Campodoni, Elisabetta Sandri, Monica Sprio, Simone Blosi, Magda Costa, Anna L. Scott-Fordsmand, Janeck J. Amorim, Mónica J. B. |
| Editor | Arias, Jose L. |
| Copyright Year | 2022 |
| Abstract | Developments in the nanotechnology area occur ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements, not only in terms of safety requirements, but also to meet sustainability goals. Hence, safer and sustainable-by-design (SSbD) materials are also aimed for during developmental process. Similar to with any new materials their safety must be assessed. Nanobiomaterials can offer large advantages in the biomedical field, in areas such as tissue repair and regeneration, cancer therapy, etc. For example, although hydroxyapatite-based nanomaterials (nHA) are among the most studied biomaterials, its ecotoxicological effects are mostly unknown. In the present study we investigated the toxicity of seven nHA-based materials, covering both different biomedical applications, e.g., iron-doped hydroxyapatite designed for theragnostic applications), hybrid collagen/hydroxyapatite composites, designed for bone tissue regeneration, and SSbD alternative materials such as titanium-doped hydroxyapatite/alginate composite, designed as sunscreen. The effects were assessed using the soil model Enchytraeus crypticus (Oligochaeta) in the natural standard LUFA 2.2 soil. The assessed endpoints included the 2, 3 and 4 days avoidance behavior (short-term), 28 days survival, size and reproduction (long term based on the OECD standard reproduction test), and 56 days survival and reproduction (longer-term OECD extension). Although overall results showed little to no toxicity among the tested nHA, there was a significant decrease in animals’ size for Ti-containing nHA. Moreover, there was a tendency for higher toxicity at the lowest concentrations (i.e., 100 mg/kg). This requires further investigation to ensure safety. |
| Journal | Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) |
| Volume Number | 12 |
| PubMed Central reference number | PMC9699464 |
| Issue Number | 22 |
| PubMed reference number | 36432346 |
| e-ISSN | 20794991 |
| DOI | 10.3390/nano12224060 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | MDPI |
| Publisher Date | 2022-11-18 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Rights License | Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). © 2022 by the authors. |
| Subject Keyword | biomaterials health care applications hydroxyapatite nanomaterials toxicity enchytraeids soil |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Chemical Engineering Materials Science |
