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Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N2 (clade 2.3.4.4) challenge of mallards age appropriate to the 2015 midwestern poultry outbreak.
| Content Provider | Europe PMC |
|---|---|
| Author | Hall, Jeffrey S. Grear, Daniel A. Krauss, Scott Seiler, J. Patrick Dusek, Robert J. Nashold, Sean W. Webster, Robert G. |
| Abstract | BackgroundThe 2015 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N2 clade 2.3.4.4 outbreak in upper midwestern U.S. poultry operations was not detected in wild birds to any great degree during the outbreak, despite wild waterfowl being implicated in the introduction, reassortment, and movement of the virus into North America from Asia. This outbreak led to the demise of over 50 million domestic birds and occurred mainly during the northward spring migration of adult avian populations.ObjectivesThere have been no experimental examinations of the pathogenesis, transmission, and population impacts of this virus in adult wild waterfowl with varying exposure histories—the most relevant age class.MethodsWe captured, housed, and challenged adult wild mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) with HPAIV H5N2 clade 2.3.4.4 and measured viral infection, viral excretion, and transmission to other mallards.ResultsAll inoculated birds became infected and excreted moderate amounts of virus, primarily orally, for up to 14 days. Cohoused, uninoculated birds also all became infected. Serological status had no effect on susceptibility. There were no obvious clinical signs of disease, and all birds survived to the end of the study (14 days).ConclusionsBased on these results, adult mallards are viable hosts of HPAIV H5N2 regardless of prior exposure history and are capable of transporting the virus over short and long distances. These findings have implications for surveillance efforts. The capture and sampling of wild waterfowl in the spring, when most surveillance programs are not operating, are important to consider in the design of future HPAIV surveillance programs. |
| Page Count | 11 |
| ISSN | 17502640 |
| Journal | Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses |
| Volume Number | 15 |
| PubMed Central reference number | PMC8542950 |
| Issue Number | 6 |
| PubMed reference number | 34323380 |
| e-ISSN | 17502659 |
| DOI | 10.1111/irv.12886 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
| Publisher Date | 2021-07-29 |
| Publisher Place | Hoboken |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Rights License | This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. © 2021 The Authors. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. |
| Subject Keyword | adult highly pathogenic influenza mallards outbreak poultry |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Infectious Diseases Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Epidemiology |
