NDLI: Time-space analysis of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N2 outbreak in the US

Content Provider	Springer Nature : BioMed Central
Author	Nonthabenjawan, Nutthawan Cardona, Carol Amonsin, Alongkorn Sreevatsan, Srinand
Abstract	Background In early 2015, highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N2 caused outbreaks in commercial poultry farms in Minnesota and neighboring states where more than 48 million birds were affected. To date, the origin and transmission pathways of HPAI H5N2 have not been conclusively established. Methods In this study, we analyzed forty-six samples from turkeys and their environment that were collected at different time-points of the outbreak to identify origins and within outbreak evolutionary changes. We performed de-novo whole genome sequencing from primary samples and the most recent common ancestors of the PB2, PA, HA5, M and NS segments were traced back to Japanese HPAI H5N8 isolates. These segments appeared to have diverged from the ancestor around June and November 2014. Results The time to most recent common ancestor analysis for PB1, NP and NA2 segments suggest two likely possibilities of reassortant HPAI H5N2 origin - either a reassortment in Alaska area or multiple reassortments with North American low pathogenic avian influenza strains, before the HPAI H5N2 outbreak strain emerged. Within the outbreak, viruses clustered into two and three subgroups suggesting high substitution rates of 0.702x10-2 - 1.665x10-2 (subs/site/year), over the 5-month outbreak period. Conclusions Data are suggestive of a fast evolving HPAI strain within an outbreak that should be taken into consideration in developing appropriate control strategies in the future.
Related Links	https://virologyj.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12985-016-0605-4.pdf
Ending Page	8
Page Count	8
Starting Page	1
File Format	HTM / HTML
DOI	10.1186/s12985-016-0605-4
Journal	Virology Journal
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	13
Language	English
Publisher	BioMed Central
Publisher Date	2016-08-30
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Virology Evolutionary H5N2 Highly pathogenic avian influenza Minnesota
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Virology Infectious Diseases
Journal Impact Factor	4/2023
5-Year Journal Impact Factor	3.8/2023

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