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Influence of oral 2,4-dinitrotoluene exposure to the Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus (2005)
| Content Provider | CiteSeerX |
|---|---|
| Author | Johnson, Mark S. Michie, Mark W. Bazar, Matthew A. Gogal, Robert M. |
| Abstract | Military activities associated with training, munitions manufac-turing, and demilitarization has resulted in soil residues of mu-nition compounds and their breakdown products. Two isomers of dinitrotoluene (2,4- and 2,6-) are often found in soil associ-ated with those activities at considerable concentrations. Con-sequently, issues regarding the effects of exposure to birds that visit these habitats require evaluation. To provide data useful to a risk assessment approach, we followed a controlled dosing regime (gavage) using 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) in the Northern Bob-white (Colinus virginianus) for 60 days following a 14-day range-finding study and the determination of a LD50 using the up/down method. The LD50 was determined to be 55 mg/kg using corn oil as a vehicle. Individuals dosed exceeding this level were moribund or died within 60 h of exposure. Morbidity and death occurred during the 14-day range-finding study at dosing regimens of 35 and 55, but not at 15, 5, and 0.5 mg/kg-day. Compound-related morbidity/mortality occurred in the 60-day study during the first week of exposure at 25 and 15, but not at 5, 1, and 0 mg/kg-day. Overt signs of toxicity occurred with both sexes at the onset of exposure. Signs included weight loss, diarrhea, and lethargy. Dose-related changes in egg production, ovary, kidney, and brain mass, and body weight, but not feed consumption, were found. Changes in kidney mass and histological observations suggest ac-cumulation of nitrogenous waste may be the cause of morbidity. These data suggest that oral 2,4-DNT exposures are more acutely |
| File Format | |
| Journal | Int. J. Toxicol |
| Language | English |
| Publisher Date | 2005-01-01 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
