NDLI: Diesel Spray Rate-of-Momentum Measurement Uncertainties and Diagnostic Considerations

Content Provider	The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Digital Collection
Author	Benjamin, W. Knox Michael, J. Franze Caroline, L. Genzale
Copyright Year	2014
Abstract	Interpretation of combustion and emissions outcomes in diesel engines is often enhanced by accurate knowledge of the transient fuel delivery rate and flow characteristics of the injector nozzle. Important physical characteristics of these flows, including velocity profile and flow separation or cavitation effects, are difficult to measure directly, but can be characterized from a flow-averaged perspective through the measurement of nozzle flow coefficients, namely the discharge, velocity, and area contraction coefficients. Both the transient fuel mass flow rate and the flow-averaged nozzle coefficients can be found by measuring the mass and momentum flux of the fuel stream leaving the nozzle during injection through the application of an impingement technique, where fuel is sprayed onto the face of a transducer calibrated for force measurement in close proximity to the nozzle. While several published experiments have employed the spray impingement method to quantify rate-of-injection, the experimental setup and equipment selections vary widely and may contribute to disagreements in measured rate-of-injection. This paper identifies and provides estimates of measurement uncertainties that can arise when employing different experimental setups using the impingement method. It was observed that the impingement technique was sensitive to the design of the strike cap, specifically the contact area between the cap and transducer diaphragm, in addition to fuel temperature. Conversely, we observed that the impingement technique was relatively insensitive to angular and vertical misalignment, where the uncertainty can be estimated using control volume analysis. Transducer selection, specifically those with low acceleration sensitivity, high resonant frequency, and integrated electronics piezoelectric circuitry substantially reduce the noise in the measurement.
Sponsorship	Internal Combustion Engine Division
File Format	PDF
ISBN	9780791846162
DOI	10.1115/ICEF2014-5566
Volume Number	Volume 1: Large Bore Engines; Fuels; Advanced Combustion; Emissions Control Systems
Conference Proceedings	ASME 2014 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference
Language	English
Publisher Date	2014-10-19
Publisher Place	Columbus, Indiana, USA
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Temperature Uncertainty Flow separation Diaphragms (structural) Sprays Electronics Combustion Fuels Design Noise (sound) Diaphragms (mechanical devices) Diesel engines Ejectors Nozzles Transducers Force measurement Momentum Flow (dynamics) Cavitation Transients (dynamics) Emissions Measurement uncertainty Diesel Resonance Performance
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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