NDLI: Techno-Economic Analysis of Dual-Stage Sodium Thermal Electrochemical Converter (Na-TEC) Power Block for Distributed CSP

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Techno-Economic Analysis of Dual-Stage Sodium Thermal Electrochemical Converter (Na-TEC) Power Block for Distributed CSP

Content Provider	The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Digital Collection
Author	Gunawan, Andrey Limia, Alexander Ha, Jong Min Peter, A. Kottke Lee, Seung Woo Andrei, G. Fedorov Shannon, K. Yee
Copyright Year	2018
Abstract	A sodium thermal electrochemical converter (Na-TEC) converts heat directly into electricity without moving parts by isothermal expansion of ions through beta”-alumina solid-electrolyte (BASE). These generators are most similar to thermoelectric generators; however, they are considerably more efficient than the best performing thermoelectric materials. While these heat engines have been considered for CSP applications, literature review found that the efficiency of single-stage Na-TEC could readily achieve 20% even though ideal cycle efficiencies predict above 45% efficiency at elevated temperatures. Thermal parasitic loss has been identified to be responsible for the largest drop in the efficiency. Our recent study shows that staging helps to improve thermal management of the Na-TEC, due to the lower average temperature of the device, which can reduce the thermal parasitic loss. We demonstrate that dual-stage device can improve the efficiency by up to 8% over the best performing single-stage device. We are currently designing and developing a modular dual-stage Na-TEC power block with target efficiency of 33%. We emphasize modularity because this power block can be potentially deployed for both small-scale dish solar, which is appropriate for distributed residential scale (2–3 kWe), and large-scale heliostats and parabolic trough CSP, which is appropriate for centralized industrial scale. A fundamental cost-scaling relationship for this technology was developed based on this design. System variables and component manufacturing methods with material selection for processes were established. The current off-the-shelf component costs indicated an overnight capital cost of $2,044/kWe. The costs of BASE, manufacturing, and electrode preparation have driven the overall price of the module. The paper demonstrates $/W design optimization and cost scaling analysis to reduce the system capital $/W metric below $ 1,500/kWe, with the goal being to achieve the cost target of <900/kWe set by Department of Energy’s Sun Shot Initiative.
Sponsorship	Advanced Energy Systems Division Solar Energy Division
File Format	PDF
ISBN	9780791851418
DOI	10.1115/ES2018-7505
Volume Number	ASME 2018 12th International Conference on Energy Sustainability
Conference Proceedings	ASME 2018 12th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2018 Power Conference and the ASME 2018 Nuclear Forum
Language	English
Publisher Date	2018-06-24
Publisher Place	Lake Buena Vista, Florida, USA
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Cycles Temperature Ions Generators Parabolic troughs Optimization Design Electrodes Heat Sodium Heat engines Solar energy Thermal management Solid electrolytes Manufacturing Thermoelectric coolers
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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