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Content Provider | ACM Digital Library |
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Author | Itoko, Toshinari Sato, Daisuke Tzadok, Asaf Ishihara, Tatsuya Takagi, Hironobu |
Abstract | Digitized physical books offer access to tremendous amounts of knowledge, even for people with print-related disabilities. Various projects and standard activities are underway to make all of our past and present books accessible. However digitizing books requires extensive human efforts such as correcting the results of OCR (optical character recognition) and adding structural information such as headings. Some Asian languages need extra efforts for the OCR errors because of their many and varied character sets. Japanese has used more than 10,000 characters compared with a few hundred in English. This heavy workload is inhibiting the creation of accessible digital books. To facilitate digitization, we are developing a new system for processing physical books. We reduce and disperse the human efforts and accelerate conversions by combining automatic inference and human capabilities. Our system preserves the original page images for the entire digitization process to support gradual refinement and distributes the work as micro-tasks. We conducted trials with the Japanese National Diet Library (NDL) to evaluate the required effort for digitizing books with a variety of layouts and years of publication. The results showed old Japanese books had specific problems when correcting the OCR errors and adding structures. Drawing on our results, we discuss further workload reductions and future directions for international digitization systems. |
Starting Page | 91 |
Ending Page | 100 |
Page Count | 10 |
File Format | |
ISBN | 9781450311540 |
DOI | 10.1145/2232817.2232836 |
Language | English |
Publisher | Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) |
Publisher Date | 2012-06-10 |
Publisher Place | New York |
Access Restriction | Subscribed |
Subject Keyword | Crowd-sourcing Accessibility Digital books Japanese digitization |
Content Type | Text |
Resource Type | Article |
National Digital Library of India (NDLI) is a virtual repository of learning resources which is not just a repository with search/browse facilities but provides a host of services for the learner community. It is sponsored and mentored by Ministry of Education, Government of India, through its National Mission on Education through Information and Communication Technology (NMEICT). Filtered and federated searching is employed to facilitate focused searching so that learners can find the right resource with least effort and in minimum time. NDLI provides user group-specific services such as Examination Preparatory for School and College students and job aspirants. Services for Researchers and general learners are also provided. NDLI is designed to hold content of any language and provides interface support for 10 most widely used Indian languages. It is built to provide support for all academic levels including researchers and life-long learners, all disciplines, all popular forms of access devices and differently-abled learners. It is designed to enable people to learn and prepare from best practices from all over the world and to facilitate researchers to perform inter-linked exploration from multiple sources. It is developed, operated and maintained from Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur.
Learn more about this project from here.
NDLI is a conglomeration of freely available or institutionally contributed or donated or publisher managed contents. Almost all these contents are hosted and accessed from respective sources. The responsibility for authenticity, relevance, completeness, accuracy, reliability and suitability of these contents rests with the respective organization and NDLI has no responsibility or liability for these. Every effort is made to keep the NDLI portal up and running smoothly unless there are some unavoidable technical issues.
Ministry of Education, through its National Mission on Education through Information and Communication Technology (NMEICT), has sponsored and funded the National Digital Library of India (NDLI) project.
Sl. | Authority | Responsibilities | Communication Details |
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1 | Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education |
Sanctioning Authority | https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives |
2 | Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur | Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project | https://www.iitkgp.ac.in |
3 | National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur | The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project | Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in |
4 | Project PI / Joint PI | Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project |
Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon |
5 | Website/Portal (Helpdesk) | Queries regarding NDLI and its services | support@ndl.gov.in |
6 | Contents and Copyright Issues | Queries related to content curation and copyright issues | content@ndl.gov.in |
7 | National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club) | Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach | clubsupport@ndl.gov.in |
8 | Digital Preservation Centre (DPC) | Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books | dpc@ndl.gov.in |
9 | IDR Setup or Support | Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops | idr@ndl.gov.in |
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