NDLI: Selection and influence in cultural dynamics

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Selection and influence in cultural dynamics

Content Provider	ACM Digital Library
Author	Kleinberg, Jon Kempe, David Oren, Sigal Slivkins, Aleksandrs
Abstract	Human societies exhibit many forms of cultural diversity --- in the languages that are spoken, in the opinions and values that are held, and in many other dimensions. An active body of research in the mathematical social sciences has developed models for reasoning about the origins of this diversity, and about how it evolves over time. One of the fundamental principles driving cultural diversity is the tension between two forces: influence and selection. Influencerefers to the tendency of people to become similar to those with whom they interact, whereas selection is the tendency of people to interact with those who are already more similar to them, and/or to be more receptive to influence from those who are similar. Both of these forces lead toward outcomes in which people end up interacting with others like themselves, but in different ways: influence tends to promote homogeneity, as people shift their behaviors to become alike, while selection tends to promote fragmentation, in which a society can split into multiple groups that have less and less interaction with each other. Research that offers qualitative analyses for issues such as consensus-building, political polarization, or social stratification can often be interpreted through the lens of this influence-selection tradeoff. In order to study the joint effects of influence and selection more formally, we analyze a natural model built upon active lines of work in political opinion formation, cultural diversity, and language evolution. Our model posits an arbitrary graph structure describing which "types" of people can influence one another: this captures effects based on the fact that people are only influenced by sufficiently similar interaction partners. A continuum of individuals occupies the nodes of the graph, representing the division of types (such as opinions or languages) among a large population. Individuals, based on their interactions with others, can move between types in the graph. In a generalization of the model, we introduce another graph structure describing which types of people even so much as come in contact with each other. These restrictions on interaction patterns can significantly alter the dynamics of the process at the population level. For the basic version of the model, in which all individuals come in contact with all others, we achieve an essentially complete characterization of (stable) equilibrium outcomes and prove convergence from all starting states: the main theorem states that stable equilibria are exactly those states in which the set of types with non-empty populations is an independent set. For the other extreme case, in which individuals only come in contact with others who have the potential to influence them, the underlying process is significantly more complicated; nevertheless, we achieve an analysis for certain graph structures.
Starting Page	585
Ending Page	586
Page Count	2
File Format	PDF
ISBN	9781450319621
DOI	10.1145/2482540.2482566
Language	English
Publisher	Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
Publisher Date	2013-06-16
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Social networks Opinion formation
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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