NDLI: Beyond metric embedding: approximating group steiner trees on bounded treewidth graphs

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Beyond metric embedding: approximating group steiner trees on bounded treewidth graphs

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Beyond metric embedding: approximating group steiner trees on bounded treewidth graphs

Content Provider	ACM Digital Library
Author	Chalermsook, Parinya Laekhanukit, Bundit Vaz, Daniel Das, Syamantak
Abstract	The Group Steiner Tree (GST) problem is a classical problem in combinatorial optimization and theoretical computer science. In the Edge-Weighted Group Steiner Tree (EW-GST) problem, we are given an undirected graph G = (V, E) on n vertices with edge costs c : E → ℝ≥ 0, a source vertex s and a collection of subsets of vertices, called groups, $S_{1},$ . . . , $S_{k}$ ⊆ V. The goal is to find a minimum-cost tree H ⊆ G that connects s to some vertex from each group $S_{i},$ for all i = 1, 2, . . . , k. The Node-Weighted Group Steiner Tree (NW-GST) problem has the same setting, but the costs are associated with nodes. The goal is to find a minimum-cost node set X ⊆ V such that G[X] connects every group to the source. When G is a tree, both EW-GST and NW-GST admit a polynomial-time O(log n log k) approximation algorithm due to the seminal result of [Garg et al., SODA'98 and J. Algorithm]. The matching hardness of $log^{2™ϵ}$ n is known even for tree instances of EW-GST and NW-GST [Halperin and Krauthgamer STOC'03]. In general graphs, most of polynomial-time approximation algorithms for EW-GST reduce the problem to a tree instance using the metric-tree embedding, incurring a loss of O(log n) on the approximation factor [Bartal, FOCS'96; Fakcharoenphol et al., FOCS'03 and JCSS]. This yields an approximation ratio of $O(log^{2}$ n log k) for EW-GST. Using metric-tree embedding, this factor cannot be improved: The loss of Ω(log n) is necessary on some input graphs (e.g., grids and expanders). There are alternative approaches that avoid metric-tree embedding, e.g., the algorithm of [Chekuri and Pal, FOCS'05], which gives a tight approximation ratio, but none of which achieves polylogarithmic approximation in polynomial-time. This state of the art shows a clear lack of understanding of GST in general graphs beyond the metric-tree embedding technique. For NW-GST (for which the metric-tree embedding does not apply), not even a polynomial-time polylogarithmic approximation algorithm is known. In this paper, we present O(log n log k) approximation algorithms that run in time $n^{Õ(tw(G)^{2})}$ for both NW-GST and $EW-GST^{1},$ where tw(G) denotes the treewidth of graph G. The key to both results is a different type of "tree-embedding" that produces a tree of much bigger size, but does not cause any loss on the approximation factor. Our embedding is inspired by dynamic programming, a technique which is typically not applicable to Group Steiner problems.
Starting Page	737
Ending Page	751
Page Count	15
File Format	PDF
Language	English
Publisher	Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
Publisher Date	2017-01-16
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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