NDLI: Eye tracking off the shelf

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Preface

Eye movements as reflections of perceptual and cognitive processes (abstract only)

Gaze-contingent display using texture mapping and OpenGL: system and applications

A gaze contingent environment for fostering social attention in autistic children

Robust clustering of eye movement recordings for quantification of visual interest

Visual deictic reference in a collaborative virtual environment

Eye gaze patterns differentiate novice and experts in a virtual laparoscopic surgery training environment

Visual feature extraction via eye tracking for saliency driven 2D/3D registration

Eye tracking system model with easy calibration

Poster abstract: evaluation of hidden Markov models robustness in uncovering focus of visual attention from noisy eye-tracker data

Perceptual video compression with combined scene analysis and eye-gaze tracking

Eye tracking off the shelf

Hardware-accelerated real-time simulation of arbitrary visual fields

Focus of attention and pilot error

An eye for an eye: a performance evaluation comparison of the LC technologies and Tobii eye trackers

Age differences in visual search for information on web pages

Coordination of component mental operations in a multiple-response task

Frequency analysis of task evoked pupillary response and eye-movement

Mental imagery in problem solving: an eye tracking study

Resolving ambiguities of a gaze and speech interface

ECSGlasses and EyePliances: using attention to open sociable windows of interaction

Auramirror: reflections on attention

Building a lightweight eyetracking headgear

A free-head, simple calibration, gaze tracking system that enables gaze-based interaction

Head movement estimation for wearable eye tracker

Gaze typing compared with input by head and hand

Effects of feedback on eye typing with a short dwell time

The determinants of web page viewing behavior: an eye-tracking study

Eye tracking off the shelf

Content Provider	ACM Digital Library
Author	MacKay, David J. C. Nielsen, Mads Hansen, Dan Witzner Hansen, John Paulin
Abstract	What if eye trackers could be downloaded and used immediately with standard cameras connected to a computer, without the need for an expert to setup the system? This has already the case for head trackers, so why not for eye trackers?Using components off-the-shelf (COTS) for camera-based eye tracking tasks has many advantages, but it certainly introduces several new problems as less assumptions on the system can be made. As a consequence of using COTS the price for eye tracking devices can be reduced while increasing the accessibility of these systems. Eye tracking based on COTS holds potential for a large number of possible applications such as in the games industry and eye typing [Majaranta and Räihä 2002]. Different cameras may be purchased depending on the need and the amount of money the user is willing to spend on the camera. In this framework it is not possible to use IR light sources and other novel engineered devices as they cannot be bought in a common hardware store. Very little control over the cameras and the geometry of the setup can be expected. The methods employed for eye tracking should therefore be able to handle changes in light conditions and image defocusing and scale changes [Hansen and Pece 2003]. On the same token pan-and-tilt cameras cannot be used, thus forcing such systems to be passive. Figure 1 shows a possible setup of a COTS-based eye tracker. When designing systems for the general public, it is unrealistic to assume that people are able to do camera calibration and make accurate setups of camera, monitor and user. Since little is known about the setup, would this then require a vast amount of calibration points needed for gaze estimation? That is, how many calibration points are really needed? Obviously the more calibration points are used the better the chances are to be able to infer the mapping from the image to gaze direction. It would even be possible to sample the entire function space provided sufficiently many calibration points are given. From the point of view of the users, a low number of calibration points is preferred as calibration may be considered as a tedious procedure. Systems that require many calibration points for every session are therefore not likely to succeed. It is also important to know the accuracy in gaze determination when using COTS to determine their applicability for various tasks.
Starting Page	58
Ending Page	58
Page Count	1
File Format	PDF
ISBN	1581138253
DOI	10.1145/968363.968375
Language	English
Publisher	Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
Publisher Date	2004-03-22
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

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