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Simulation: a survey

A survey of microsystem electronics

Modeling human mental processes

Parallelism in computer organization random number generation in the fixed-plus-variable computer system

Descriptive languages and problem solving

Information retrieval: state of the art

What is an intelligent machine?

Combined analog/digital computing elements

Trends in design of large computer systems

Current problems in automatic programming

Factors affecting the choice of memory

Optimization of a radar in its environment by GEESE techniques

A self organizing recognition system

Computer-based management control

The computer simulation of a colonial socio-economic system

Management games and computers

Testing of micrologic elements

The simulation of verbal learning behavior

The CELLSCAN system - T.M. a leucocyte pattern analyzer

Baseball: an automatic question-answerer

Technical information flow patterns

Analysis of perceptions

Optimization of analog computer linear system dynamic characteristics

A first version of UNCOL

A nondestructive readout film memory

The spectral evaluation of iterative differential analyzer integration techniques

A pattern recognition program that generates, evaluates, and adjusts its own operators

American Airlines' "Sabre" electronic reservations system

X-15 analog flight simulation program: systems development and pilot training

An on-line management system using English language

Interconnection techniques for semiconductor networks

Simulation of behavior in the binary choice experiment

Application of computers to circuit design for Univac Larc

A basis for a mathematical theory of computation, preliminary report

A screening method for large information retrieval systems

Some physiology of automata

Design and development of a sampled-data simulator

A method of combining ALGOL and COBOL

Tunnel diode storage using current sensing

An iteration procedure for parametric model building and boundary value problems

An experimental program for the selection of "disjunctive hypotheses"

Real-time management control at the Hughes Aircraft Company

Analog - digital hybrid computers in simulation with humans and hardware

Application of digital simulation techniques to highway design problems

Micro-system computer techniques

Programming a model of human concept formulation

Wide temperature range coincident current core memories

A digital control unit for a repetitive analog computer

ALGY - an algebraic manipulation program

The development of a multiaperture reluctance switch

Analog simulation of underground water flow in the Los Angeles Coastal Plain

Time-analysis of logical processes in man

The 465L (SACCS) computer application

The automatic determination of human and other system parameters

The use of manned simulation in the design of an operational control system

A new approach to the functional design of a digital computer

High speed optical computers and quantum transition memory devices

The JOVIAL checker an automatic checkout system for higher level language programs

The simulation of verbal learning behavior

Content Provider	ACM Digital Library
Author	Feigenbaum, E. A.
Abstract	An information processing model of elementary human symbolic learning is given a precise statement as a computer program, called Elementary Perceiver and Memorizer (EPAM). The program simulates the behavior of subjects in experiments involving the rote learning of nonsense syllables. A discrimination net which grows is the basis of EPAM's associative memory. Fundamental information processes include processes for discrimination, discrimination learning, memorization, association using cues, and response retrieval with cues. Many well-known phenomena of rote learning are to be found in EPAM's experimental behavior, including some rather complex forgetting phenomena. EPAM is programmed in Information Processing Language V. H. A. Simon has described some current research in the simulation of human higher mental processes and has discussed some of the techniques and problems which have emerged from this research. The purpose of this paper is to place these general issues in the context of a particular problem by describing in detail a simulation of elementary human symbolic learning processes. The information processing model of mental functions employed is realized by a computer program called Elementary Perceiver and Memorizer (EPAM). The EPAM program is the precise statement of an information processing theory of verbal learning that provides an alternative to other verbal learning theories which have been proposed. It is the result of an attempt to state quite precisely a parsimonious and plausible mechanism sufficient to account for the rote learning of nonsense syllables. The critical evaluation of EPAM must ultimately depend not upon the interest which it may have as a learning machine, but upon its ability to explain and predict the phenomena of verbal learning. I should like to preface my discussion of the simulation of verbal learning with some brief remarks about the class of information processing models of which EPAM is a member. a. These are models of mental processes, not brain hardware. They are psychological models of mental function. No physiological or neurological assumptions are made, nor is any attempt made to explain information processes in terms of more elementary neural processes. b. These models conceive of the brain as an information processor with sense organs as input channels, effector organs as output devices, and with internal programs for testing, comparing, analyzing, rearranging, and storing information. c. The central processing mechanism is assumed to be serial; i.e., capable of doing only one (or a very few) things at a time. d. These models use as a basic unit the information symbol; i.e., a pattern of bits which is assumed to be the brain's internal representation of environmental data. e. These models are essentially deterministic, not probabilistic. Random variables play no fundamental role in them.
Starting Page	121
Ending Page	132
Page Count	12
File Format	PDF
DOI	10.1145/1460690.1460704
Language	English
Publisher	Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
Publisher Date	1961-05-09
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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