NDLI: Low cost crowd counting using audio tones

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Low cost crowd counting using audio tones

Content Provider	ACM Digital Library
Author	Kannan, Pravein Govindan Venkatagiri, Seshadri Padmanabha Ananda, Akhihebbal L. Chan, Mun Choon Peh, Li-Shiuan
Abstract	With mobile devices becoming ubiquitous, collaborative applications have become increasingly pervasive. In these applications, there is a strong need to obtain a count of the number of mobile devices present in an area, as it closely approximates the size of the crowd. Ideally, a crowd counting solution should be easy to deploy, scalable, energy efficient, be minimally intrusive to the user and reasonably accurate. Existing solutions using data communication or RFID do not meet these criteria. In this paper, we propose a crowd counting solution based on audio tones, leveraging the microphones and speaker phones that are commonly available on most phones, tackling all the above criteria. We have implemented our solution on 25 Android phones and run several experiments at a bus stop, aboard a bus, within a cafeteria and a classroom. Experimental evaluations show that we are able to achieve up to 90% accuracy and consume 81% less energy than the WiFi interface in idle mode.
Starting Page	155
Ending Page	168
Page Count	14
File Format	PDF
ISBN	9781450311694
DOI	10.1145/2426656.2426673
Language	English
Publisher	Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
Publisher Date	2012-11-06
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Simple tones Audio processing Tone counting Mobile audio system Speakers/microphones
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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