NDLI: Analysis and reduction of memory inefficiencies in Java strings

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Analysis and reduction of memory inefficiencies in Java strings

Content Provider	ACM Digital Library
Author	Ogata, Kazunori Kawachiya, Kiyokuni Onodera, Tamiya
Abstract	This paper describes a novel approach to reduce the memory consumption of Java programs, by focusing on their "string memory inefficiencies". In recent Java applications, string data occupies a large amount of the heap area. For example, about 40% of the live heap area is used for string data when a production J2EE application server is running. By investigating the string data in the live heap, we identified two types of memory inefficiencies -- "duplication" and "unused literals". In the heap, there are many string objects that have the same values. There also exist many string literals whose values are not actually used by the application. Since these inefficiencies exist as live objects, they cannot be eliminated by existing garbage collection techniques, which only remove dead objects. Quantitative analysis of Java heaps in real applications revealed that more than 50% of the string data in the live heap is wasted by these inefficiencies. To reduce the string memory inefficiencies, this paper proposes two techniques at the Java virtual machine level, "StringGC" for eliminating duplicated strings at the time of garbage collection, and "Lazy Body Creation" for delaying part of the literal instantiation until the literal's value is actually used. We also present an interesting technique at the Java program level, which we call "BundleConverter", for preventing unused message literals from being instantiated. Prototype implementations on a production Java virtual machine have achieved about 18% reduction of the live heap in the production application server. The proposed techniques could also reduce the live heap of standard Java benchmarks by 11.6% on average, without noticeable performance degradation.
Starting Page	385
Ending Page	402
Page Count	18
File Format	PDF
ISBN	9781605582153
DOI	10.1145/1449764.1449795
Language	English
Publisher	Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
Publisher Date	2008-10-19
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Garbage collection Java Footprint analysis and reduction Memory management String
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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